检验在线仇恨社会认同理论的假设：基于Parler平台1.1亿条消息的分析 (Testing Hypotheses from the Social Approval Theory of Online Hate: An Analysis of 110 Million Messages from Parler)

We examined how online hate is motivated by receiving social approval via Walther's (2024) social approval theory of online hate, which argues (H1a) more signals of social approval on hate messages predicts more subsequent hate messages, and (H1b) as social approval increases, hate speech becomes more extreme. Using 110 million messages from Parler (2018-2021), we observed the number of upvotes received on a hate speech post was unassociated with hate speech in one's next post and during the next month, three-months, and six-months. The number of upvotes received on (extreme) hate speech comments, however, was positively associated with (extreme) hate speech during the next week, month, three-months, and six-months. Between-person effects revealed an average positive relationship between social approval and hate speech production at all time intervals. For comments, social approval linked more strongly to online hate than social disapproval. Social approval is a critical mechanism facilitating online hate propagation.

翻译：本研究基于Walther（2024）提出的在线仇恨社会认同理论，探讨了社会认同如何通过接收社会认可而激发在线仇恨行为。该理论提出两个假设：（H1a）仇恨信息获得的社会认可信号越多，将引发更多后续仇恨信息；（H1b）随着社会认可度提升，仇恨言论会趋于极端化。通过对Parler平台2018至2021年间1.1亿条消息的分析，我们发现：仇恨言论帖子获得的点赞数与其发布者下一个帖子、以及随后一个月、三个月和六个月内的仇恨言论均无显著关联。然而，（极端）仇恨评论获得的点赞数，与发布者接下来一周、一个月、三个月及六个月内的（极端）仇恨言论呈正相关。人际间效应分析显示，在所有时间间隔内，社会认可与仇恨言论产生量均存在平均正向关系。就评论而言，社会认可对在线仇恨的促进作用显著强于社会否定。社会认可是推动在线仇恨传播的关键机制。