Quantum networks will play a key role in distributed quantum information processing. As the network size increases, network-level errors like random breakdown and intentional attack are inevitable; therefore, it is important to understand the robustness of large-scale quantum networks, similar to what has been done for the classical counterpart---the Internet. For exponential networks such as Waxman networks, errors simply re-parameterize the network and lead to a linear decrease of the quantum capacity with the probability of error. The same linear decay happens for scale-free quantum networks under random breakdowns, despite the previously discovered robustness in terms of the connectivity. In presence of attack, however, the capacity of scale-free quantum networks shows a sharp exponential decay with the increasing attack fraction. Our results apply to quantum internet based on fibers for all kinds of quantum communications and provide implications for the future construction of quantum networks with regard to its robustness.
翻译:量子网络将在分布量子信息处理中发挥关键作用。 随着网络规模的扩大,网络一级的错误,如随机分解和蓄意攻击,是不可避免的;因此,必须了解大规模量子网络的稳健性,类似于传统的对等互联网。对于指数网络,如Waxman网络,错误只是对网络进行重新校准,并导致量子容量以误差概率线性下降。尽管以前在连通性方面发现了强力,但是在随机分解下,无比例量子网络也会出现同样的线性衰减。然而,在出现攻击的情况下,无规模量子网络的能力显示随着攻击分数的增加而急剧指数性衰减。我们的结果适用于基于各种量子通信纤维的量子网络,并对今后建立量子网络的稳健性产生影响。