Smart contracts have recently been adopted by many security protocols. However, existing studies lack satisfactory theoretical support on how contracts benefit security protocols. This paper aims to give a systematic analysis of smart contract (SC)-based security protocols to fulfill the gap of unclear arguments and statements. We firstly investigate \textit{state of the art studies} and establish a formalized model of smart contract protocols with well-defined syntax and assumptions. Then, we apply our formal framework to two concrete instructions to explore corresponding advantages and desirable properties. Through our analysis, we abstract three generic properties (\textit{non-repudiation, non-equivocation, and non-frameability}) and accordingly identify two patterns. (1) a smart contract can be as an autonomous subscriber to assist the trusted third party (TTP); (2) a smart contract can replace traditional TTP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide in-depth discussions of SC-based security protocols from a strictly theoretical perspective.
翻译:最近许多安全协议采纳了智能合同,然而,现有研究缺乏令人满意的理论支持,无法说明合同如何有利于安全协议。本文旨在系统地分析基于智能合同(SC)的安全协议,以填补不明确的论点和声明的空白。我们首先调查\ textit{ state of the art states studies},并建立一个正式的智能合同协议模式,并有明确界定的语法和假设。然后,我们对两个具体指令适用正式框架,以探索相应的优势和可取的属性。通过我们的分析,我们抽取了三种通用属性(\ textit{n-non-redivision, no-equity, and not ferable},并据此确定了两种模式。 (1) 智能合同可以作为自主的用户,协助受信任的第三方(TTP);(2) 智能合同可以取代传统的TTP。根据我们的知识,这是从严格的理论角度对基于SC的安全协议进行深入讨论的第一项研究。