We investigate the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) under a robotics context, where a vehicle with limited payload must complete delivery (or pickup) tasks to serve a set of geographically distributed customers with varying demands. In classical CVRP, a customer location is modeled as a point. In many robotics applications, however, it is more appropriate to model such "customer locations" as 2D regions. For example, in aerial delivery, a drone may drop a package anywhere in a customer's lot. This yields the problem of CVRG (Capacitated Vehicle Routing with Target Geometric Constraints). Computationally, CVRP is already strongly NP-hard; CVRG is therefore more challenging. Nevertheless, we develop fast algorithms for CVRG, capable of computing high quality solutions for hundreds of regions. Our algorithmic solution is guaranteed to be optimal when customer regions are convex. Numerical evaluations show that our proposed methods significantly outperform greedy best-first approaches. Comprehensive simulation studies confirm the effectiveness of our methods.
翻译:在机器人环境下,我们调查机动车辆线路问题(CVRP),即有限有效载荷的车辆必须完成交付(或搭便车)任务,为一组不同需求的地理分布的客户服务。在典型的CVRP中,客户位置是建模的。然而,在许多机器人应用中,将这种“客户位置”建模为2D区域更为合适。例如,在空运中,无人驾驶飞机可能将一个包裹丢弃到客户手中的任何地方。这产生了CVRG(具有目标几何限制的机动车辆运行)问题。计算上,CVRP已经非常坚固;因此,CVRG更具挑战性。然而,我们为CVRG开发快速算法,能够为数百个区域计算出高质量的解决方案。我们的算法解决方案保证在客户区域相互连接时是最佳的。数字评估表明,我们提出的方法明显超越了最佳的贪婪方法。全面模拟研究证实了我们的方法的有效性。