Blockchains have seen growing traction with cryptocurrencies reaching a market cap of over 1 trillion dollars, major institution investors taking interests, and global impacts on governments, businesses, and individuals. Also growing significantly is the heterogeneity of the ecosystem where a variety of blockchains co-exist. Cross-chain bridge is a necessary building block in this multi-chain ecosystem. Existing solutions, however, either suffer from performance issues or rely on trust assumptions of committees that significantly lower the security. Recurring attacks against bridges have cost users more than 1.5 billion USD. In this paper, we introduce zkBridge, an efficient cross-chain bridge that guarantees strong security without external trust assumptions. With succinct proofs, zkBridge not only guarantees correctness, but also significantly reduces on-chain verification cost. We propose novel succinct proof protocols that are orders-of-magnitude faster than existing solutions for workload in zkBridge. With a modular design, zkBridge enables a broad spectrum of use cases and capabilities, including message passing, token transferring, and other computational logic operating on state changes from different chains. To demonstrate the practicality of zkBridge, we implemented a prototype bridge from Cosmos to Ethereum, a particularly challenging direction that involves large proof circuits that existing systems cannot efficiently handle. Our evaluation shows that zkBridge achieves practical performance: proof generation takes less than 20 seconds, while verifying proofs on-chain costs less than 230K gas. For completeness, we also implemented and evaluated the direction from Ethereum to other EVM-compatible chains (such as BSC) which involves smaller circuits and incurs much less overhead.
翻译:电链链链链链已经看到越来越多的牵引,其隐蔽的触动和隐蔽的触动,达到1万多亿美元的市场上限,主要机构投资者采取利益,并对政府、企业和个人产生全球影响。此外,生态系统的多样化也显著增长,因为各种链链链链都存在。跨链桥是这一多链链生态系统中的必要构件。但是,现有的解决方案要么受到性能问题的影响,要么依赖于大大降低安全程度的委员会的信任假设。不断发生的对桥梁的袭击使用户的成本超过15亿美元。在本文中,我们引入了zkBridge,这是一个高效的跨链桥,它保证了强有力的安全,而没有外部信任假设。此外,由于简明的证明,zkBridge不仅保证了正确性,而且还大大降低了链路段核查成本。我们提出了新的简明证明协议,它比zkBridge的现有工作量解决办法要快得多。有了模块设计,zkBridge使得使用的案例和能力的范围广泛,包括信息传递、信号转移和其他计算桥逻辑从不同的链路段变化,从不同的链路路路路段上也变得不那么容易。要证明,而我们无法进行高度的Clevillebreck 。要展示一个大的操作。要展示,而我们用一个高的Clock路路路路路路路路路路路路路路路路路路路路路路路路路路路路段的操作,而我们用得更低得多。