A critical aspect of crowds' evacuation processes is the dynamism of individual decision making. Here, we investigate how to favor a coordinated group dynamic through optimal exit-choice instructions using behavioral strategy optimization. We propose and evaluate an adaptive guidance system (Cell-based Crowd Evacuation, CellEVAC) that dynamically allocates colors to cells in a cell-based pedestrian positioning infrastructure, to provide efficient exit-choice indications. The operational module of CellEVAC implements an optimized discrete-choice model that integrates the influential factors that would make evacuees adapt their exit choice. To optimize the model, we used a simulation-optimization modeling framework that integrates microscopic pedestrian simulation based on the classical Social Force Model. We paid particular attention to safety by using Pedestrian Fundamental Diagrams that model the dynamics of the exit gates. CellEVAC has been tested in a simulated real scenario (Madrid Arena) under different external pedestrian flow patterns that simulate complex pedestrian interactions. Results showed that CellEVAC outperforms evacuation processes in which the system is not used, with an exponential improvement as interactions become complex. We compared our system with an existing approach based on Cartesian Genetic Programming. Our system exhibited a better overall performance in terms of safety, evacuation time, and the number of revisions of exit-choice decisions. Further analyses also revealed that Cartesian Genetic Programming generates less natural pedestrian reactions and movements than CellEVAC. The fact that the decision logic module is built upon a behavioral model seems to favor a more natural and effective response. We also found that our proposal has a positive influence on evacuations even for a low compliance rate (40%).
翻译:人群疏散过程的一个关键方面是个人决策的动态。 在这里, 我们调查如何通过行为战略优化优化优化退出选择指令, 支持协调群体动态。 我们提议并评价一个适应性指导系统( 以Cell- 以 Crowd Evacuation, CelleEVAC), 动态地将颜色分配到以细胞为基础的行人定位基础设施中的细胞中, 以提供高效的退出选择标志。 CELEVAC 的操作模块采用了一种优化的离散选择模式, 整合了使被疏散者能够调整其退出选择的有影响的因素。 为了优化模型, 我们使用了模拟- 优化模拟模拟模型框架, 以经典社会力量模型为基础, 整合微观行人模拟模拟模拟行人模拟模拟。 我们特别重视安全, 使用派德里- 基本图表来模拟出入口的动态。 CellEVAC 的操作模块在模拟不同外部行人流模式下, 模拟复杂的行人际互动模式下进行了测试( Madriddrid Arena) 。 结果显示, CellEVAC 超越了退出过程进程进程进程进程进程进程, 也比我们整个系统更复杂。 我们的演化了一个系统, 我们的运行的运行过程的系统, 我们的运行演示的系统更慢化了。