Scrum teams are at the heart of the Scrum framework. Nevertheless, an integrated and systemic theory that can explain what makes some Scrum teams more effective than others is still missing. To address this gap, we performed a seven-year-long mixed-method investigation composed of two main phases. First, we induced a theoretical model from thirteen exploratory field studies. Our model proposes that the effectiveness of Scrum teams depends on five high-level factors - responsiveness, stakeholder concern, continuous improvement, team autonomy, and management support - and thirteen lower-level factors. In the second phase of our study, we validated our model with a Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis using data from about 5,000 developers and 2,000 Scrum teams that we gathered with a custom-built survey. Results suggest a very good fit of the empirical data in our theoretical model (CFI = 0.959, RMSEA = 0.038, SRMR = 0.035). Accordingly, this research allowed us to (1) propose and validate a generalizable theory for effective Scrum teams and (2) formulate clear recommendations for how organizations can better support Scrum teams.
翻译：Scrum小组是Scrum框架的核心。然而,一个能够解释Scrum小组比其他小组更有效力的综合和系统理论仍然缺失。为了解决这一差距,我们进行了由两个主要阶段组成的为期7年的混合方法调查。首先,我们从13个探索实地研究中引出了一个理论模型。我们的模型建议,Scrum小组的效力取决于五个高级别因素——反应能力、利益攸关方关切、持续改进、团队自主和管理支持——和13个较低层次因素。在我们研究的第二阶段,我们利用基于变量的结构衡平模型(SEM)分析,利用我们通过定制调查收集的大约5 000个开发者和2 000个Scrum小组的数据,验证了我们的模型。结果表明,我们理论模型中的经验数据非常适合(CFI = 0.959,RMSEA = 0.038,SRMR = 0.035)。因此,这一研究使我们能够(1) 提出和验证一个可用于有效的Scrum小组的通用理论,并(2) 就如何更好地支持Scrum小组提出明确建议。
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