Data are invaluable. How can we assess the value of data objectively, systematically and quantitatively? Pricing data, or information goods in general, has been studied and practiced in dispersed areas and principles, such as economics, marketing, electronic commerce, data management, data mining and machine learning. In this article, we present a unified, interdisciplinary and comprehensive overview of this important direction. We examine various motivations behind data pricing, understand the economics of data pricing and review the development and evolution of pricing models according to a series of fundamental principles. We discuss both digital products and data products. We also consider a series of challenges and directions for future work.
翻译:我们如何客观、系统和量化地评估数据的价值?在经济、营销、电子商务、数据管理、数据开采和机器学习等分散的领域和原则中,已经研究并实践了定价数据或一般信息货物;在本条中,我们对这一重要方向提出一个统一、跨学科和全面的概览;我们研究数据定价的各种动机,了解数据定价经济学,并根据一系列基本原则审查定价模型的发展和演变;我们讨论数字产品和数据产品;我们还考虑未来工作的一系列挑战和方向。