Bayesian mixture modeling using a mixture of finite mixtures with normalized inverse Gaussian weights

In Bayesian inference for mixture models with an unknown number of components, a finite mixture model is usually employed that assumes prior distributions for mixing weights and the number of components. This model is called a mixture of finite mixtures (MFM). As a prior distribution for the weights, a (symmetric) Dirichlet distribution is widely used for conjugacy and computational simplicity, while the selection of the concentration parameter influences the estimate of the number of components. In this paper, we focus on estimating the number of components. As a robust alternative Dirichlet weights, we present a method based on a mixture of finite mixtures with normalized inverse Gaussian weights. The motivation is similar to the use of normalized inverse Gaussian processes instead of Dirichlet processes for infinite mixture modeling. Introducing latent variables, the posterior computation is carried out using block Gibbs sampling without using the reversible jump algorithm. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated through some numerical experiments and real data examples, including clustering, density estimation, and community detection.