The following problem is considered. A Turing machine $M$, that accepts a string of fixed length $t$ as input, runs for a time not exceeding a fixed value $n$ and is guaranteed to produce a binary output, is given. It's required to find a string $X$ such that $M(X) = 1$ effectively in terms of $t$, $n$, the size of the alphabet of $M$ and the number of states of $M$. The problem is close to the well-known Circuit Satisfiability Problem. The difference from Circuit Satisfiability Problem is that when reduced to Circuit Satisfiability Problem, we get circuits with a rich internal structure (in particular, these are circuits of small Kolmogorov complexity). The proof system, operating with potential proofs of the fact that, for a given machine $M$, the string $X$ does not exist, is provided, its completeness is proved and the algorithm guaranteed to find a proof of the absence of the string $X$ in the case of its actual absence is presented (in the worst case, the algorithm is exponential, but in a wide class of interesting cases it works in polynomial time). We present an algorithm searching for the string $X$, for which its efficiency was neither tested, nor proven, and it may require serious improvement in the future, so it can be regarded as an idea. We also discuss first steps towards solving a more complex problem similar to this one: a Turing machine $M$, that accepts two strings $X$ and $Y$ of fixed length and running for a time that does not exceed a fixed value, is given; it is required to build an algorithm $N$ that builds a string $Y = N(X)$ for any string $X$, such that $M(X, Y) = 1$ (details in the introduction).
翻译:考虑以下的问题。 一个图灵机器$M$, 接受固定长度的一连串美元, 用于输入, 时间不超过固定价值, 运行时间不超过固定价值, 保证产生二进制产出, 提供。 它需要找到一个字符串$X美元, 以便找到一个以美元、 美元、 美元字母大小为1美元为单位的YM(X) = 1美元, 美元为美元, 字母大小为1美元。 问题接近于众所周知的电路可满足性问题。 电路可满足性问题的不同在于, 当降低到电路可满足性问题, 我们得到的电路不会超过固定价值, 特别是这些是小科尔莫戈洛夫复杂的电路。 证据系统, 可能证明, 对于某台机器来说, 美元, 字母X 的大小为美元, 它的完整性得到了证明, 并且算法可以证明, 在它实际缺席的情况下, 不存在任何字符串 美元 。 ( 在最坏的情况下, 算法是最坏的值,, 算算算算算算算算算算不是指数, 。