Adding renewable energy sources and storage units to an electric grid has led to a change in the way energy is generated and billed. This shift cannot be managed without a unified view of energy systems and their components. This unified view is captured within the idea of a Smart Local Energy System (SLES). Currently, various isolated control and market elements are proposed to resolve network constraints, demand side response and utility optimisation. They rely on topology estimations, forecasting and fault detection methods to complete their tasks. This disjointed design has led to most systems being capable of fulfilling only a single role or being resistant to change and extensions in functionality. By allocating roles, functional responsibilities and technical requirements to bounded systems a more unified view of energy systems can be achieved. This is made possible by representing an energy system as a distributed peer-to-peer (P2P) environment where each individual demand energy resource (DER) on the consumer's side of the meter is responsible for their portion of the network and can facilitate trade with numerous entities including the grid. Advances in control engineering, markets and services such as forecasting, topology identification and cyber-security can enable such trading and communication to be done securely and robustly. To enable this advantage however, we need to redefine how we view the design of the sub-systems and interconnections within smart local energy systems (SLES). In this paper we describe a way in which whole system design could be achieved by integrating control, markets and analytics into each system. We propose the use of physical, control, market and service layers to create system of systems representation.
翻译:将可再生能源和储存装置添加到电网,导致能源的产生和收费方式的改变。这种转变的管理不能在没有能源系统及其组成部分的统一观点的情况下加以管理。这种统一的观点体现在智能地方能源系统(SLES)的构想中。目前,提出了各种孤立的控制和市场要素,以解决网络限制、需求方反应和公用事业优化。它们依赖地形估计、预报和故障检测方法来完成任务。这种不连贯的设计导致大多数系统只能发挥单一的作用或抵制功能变化和扩展。通过对封闭系统分配作用、功能责任和技术要求,能够实现对能源系统的更统一观点。通过代表能源系统作为分散的同侪(P2P)环境,使每个消费者需求方的能源资源(DER)都对其在网络中的作用负责,并能促进与包括电网在内的许多实体的贸易。在工程、市场和服务控制、例如预测、地学识别和网络安全方面,通过对封闭系统进行定位,可以使每个受约束的系统的作用、功能化和网络安全地在市场中进行整合,从而能够将智能的通信系统纳入我们设计的系统。