In the past few decades, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has experienced swift developments, changing everyone's daily life and profoundly altering the course of human society. The intention of developing AI is to benefit humans, by reducing human labor, bringing everyday convenience to human lives, and promoting social good. However, recent research and AI applications show that AI can cause unintentional harm to humans, such as making unreliable decisions in safety-critical scenarios or undermining fairness by inadvertently discriminating against one group. Thus, trustworthy AI has attracted immense attention recently, which requires careful consideration to avoid the adverse effects that AI may bring to humans, so that humans can fully trust and live in harmony with AI technologies. Recent years have witnessed a tremendous amount of research on trustworthy AI. In this survey, we present a comprehensive survey of trustworthy AI from a computational perspective, to help readers understand the latest technologies for achieving trustworthy AI. Trustworthy AI is a large and complex area, involving various dimensions. In this work, we focus on six of the most crucial dimensions in achieving trustworthy AI: (i) Safety & Robustness, (ii) Non-discrimination & Fairness, (iii) Explainability, (iv) Privacy, (v) Accountability & Auditability, and (vi) Environmental Well-Being. For each dimension, we review the recent related technologies according to a taxonomy and summarize their applications in real-world systems. We also discuss the accordant and conflicting interactions among different dimensions and discuss potential aspects for trustworthy AI to investigate in the future.
翻译:在过去几十年里,人工智能(AI)技术经历了迅速的发展,改变了每个人的日常生活,深刻地改变了人类社会的道路。开发人工智能的目的是通过减少人类劳动,为人类带来日常生活便利,促进社会福祉,从而造福人类。然而,最近的研究和AI应用表明,人工智能可以对人类造成无意伤害,例如在安全危急情况下作出不可靠的决定,或者无意中歧视某个群体,从而损害公平。因此,值得信赖的AI最近引起了极大的关注,这需要认真考虑,以避免AI对人类可能产生的不利影响,从而使人类能够充分信任和与AI技术和谐相处。近年来,对可靠的AI进行了大量研究。在本调查中,我们从计算的角度对可信赖的AI进行了全面调查,以帮助读者了解实现可信赖的AI的最新技术。值得信赖的AI是一个大而复杂的领域,涉及多个方面。在这项工作中,我们侧重于实现可信赖的AI的六个最关键的方面:(一) 安全与Robustnity,(二) 人类能够充分信任和与AI技术和谐相处。近些年来,(三) 解释性和公平性,我们讨论其真实性,以及责任性,(四) 解释和问责性。