膜下滴灌甜菜缺水补偿节水生理机制研究

项目名称： 膜下滴灌甜菜缺水补偿节水生理机制研究

项目编号： No.31260299

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 樊华

作者单位： 石河子大学

项目金额： 50万元

中文摘要： 作物缺水补偿节水技术是实现干旱区节水优质高效农业的关键。本项目拟综合利用作物栽培学、生理学及生态学等理论与方法，以缺水环境下甜菜的伤害-适应-补偿机制为研究主线，探讨水分亏缺对甜菜形态学特性、生理响应以及生化代谢的调控效应。主要研究内容：讨论不同生育阶段经历亏水后重新复水，对甜菜块根产量以及含糖量的补偿效应，明确产生补偿效应的土壤水分阈值。在决定甜菜产量和品质的关键生育阶段进行水分亏缺，明确根冠生长、光合作用、渗透调节等形态生理以及生化代谢的响应机制。通过全生育期调控水分胁迫持续时间和胁迫强度，明确甜菜产量和品质协同提高的灌溉诊断指标以及灌溉控制指标。探求通过根区水分亏缺挖掘干旱区膜下滴灌甜菜节水丰产高糖潜力的技术途径。

中文关键词： 滴灌；甜菜；水分亏缺；生理响应；

英文摘要： Compensation effects response to appropriate water stress in crop root zone is essential to guarantee high yield and water utilization efficiency. This project intends to use theories and methods of agronomy, crop physiology, ecology, using the "damage-acclimatization-compensation" as its researching main line, to explore the regulation effects of water stress on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics response of drip irrigated sugar beet under plastic film. The contents of this project are: to analyze the compensation effect and soil moisture threshold of water stress at different growing stages on yield and sugar content,to identify the acclimatization of nutritional organs such as roots and leaves, osmotic adjustment, transpiration, photosynthesis and other physiological processes and biochemical metabolism response to water stress at key water requirement period of swelling and sugar accumulation, to quantify water stress detecting and irrigation index for yield and sugar content improvement using different irrigation intervals and irrigation amounts. This may provide water saving irrigation method for revealing potential yield and sugar content for drip irrigated sugar beet under plastic film in arid area.

英文关键词： drip irrigation； sugar beet；water deficit；physiological characteristics；