长时间、中低热流、高焓气动加热条件下材料的碳化分解机理研究

项目名称： 长时间、中低热流、高焓气动加热条件下材料的碳化分解机理研究

项目编号： No.51506008

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 能源与动力工程

项目作者： 徐晓亮

作者单位： 北京临近空间飞行器系统工程研究所

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 近几十年来，伴随着国际宇航技术的飞速发展与材料工艺的优化革新，我国航天器设计领域长期以来使用的经典碳化分解理论已不再适用于航天飞机、飞船返回舱等高速飞行器服役的长时间、中/低热流、高焓/低压气动加热环境，主要表现在预测结果与试验结果偏差过大，迫切需要开展碳化分解机理、性能预测与评价方面的基础理论研究。本项目将引入热分析动力学、渗流理论及相关试验技术，突破经典碳化分解理论中的不合理假定与限制，研究加热速率、历程对材料碳化分解过程及热响应特性的影响，提出合理表征参量，构建一套适用于复杂防热结构的三维碳化分解模型、理论与算法。研究包括：分析材料受热过程中热物性参数的变化规律；结合热分析试验与电弧风洞试验，获得材料热分解动力学参数；研究热解气体吸/防热特性对材料温度演化的影响，并对提出的模型、理论与算法进行试验验证，其成果将为航天飞机、飞船返回舱等高速飞行器的热防护设计提供理论依据和技术支撑。

中文关键词： 碳化；分解；热防护

英文摘要： In recent years, with the rapid development in international space technology and fast innovation and optimization on materials technology, the classical charring and pyrolysis theory used in Chinese spacecraft design area is no longer applicable to the aero-heating environment for aerospace aircraft, spacecraft and other high-speed aircraft with the characters of long aero-heating time, middle/low heat flux, high enthalpy/low pressure. As the deviation between the prediction based on classical theories and the experimental results is often too large, it is urgent to carry out studies on charring and pyrolysis mechanism, performance prediction. In this project, thermal analysis kinetics, seepage theory and related test technology will be the introduced, then some irrational assumptions and constraints in classical charring and pyrolysis theory will be broken through, the inflence of heating rate and pyrolysis process on thermal response during carbonization process will be studied, and then a 3D charring and pyrolysis model, theory and algorithm will be constructed for complex thermal protection system. In this work, characters of thermal parameters during the heating process will be studied; then the kinetic parameters will be obtained combined with the thermal analysis test and arc wind tunnel tests, the absorption or exothermic characters of pyrolysis gas should also be studied in the heating process, and then Confirmatory test are planed for presented theories. This project provide theoretical basis and technical support for thermal protection design of high-speed aircraft such as the space shuttle, the spacecraft and other high-speed aircrafts.

英文关键词： charring;pyrolysis;thermal protection