蜉蝣亚成虫生态适应特征及进化模式研究

项目名称： 蜉蝣亚成虫生态适应特征及进化模式研究

项目编号： No.31472023

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 周长发

作者单位： 南京师范大学

项目金额： 82万元

中文摘要： 蜉蝣是现存唯一具有两个有翅能飞龄期的昆虫类别，其亚成虫在形态和飞行能力上与成虫既相似又不同。目前已知所有雄性蜉蝣都具亚成虫和成虫阶段，少数种类的雌性只发育至亚成虫，可见此阶段对蜉蝣不可或缺。对蜉蝣亚成虫的起源、作用及与成虫的确切形态区别等只有零星的报道，缺乏较系统的全面研究。本申请拟对我国蜉蝣各科代表性1-5种的生活史进行研究，对它们的羽化过程进行摄像，对亚成虫及成虫形态特征进行全面对比分析，并参考系统发育信息，对它们的进化和生态适应模式进行探讨，以期了解蜉蝣亚成虫在生活史中的作用、蜉蝣保留亚成虫的历史原因和适应意义、不同种类亚成虫期和成虫期存在时间长短与形态（如体型大小）或行为特征（如羽化地点）可能存在的关联性、以及变态过程产生的原因和演化模式。本项研究的实施和完成，将对我国蜉蝣分类和进化提供较为全面丰富的标本和独特见解，对多种昆虫变态类型的起源和演化关系等也能提供新的视角和观点。

中文关键词： 蜉蝣；亚成虫；形态学；适应性进化；生活史

英文摘要： As a group, mayflies are unique in the winged insects because they have two instars with full-developed wings and fly abilities. Morphologically, the subimagos are very similar to their imagos, and both of them can fly well in the air but differences still present between them. As far as known, all male mayflies have subimaginal and imaginal stages in their life history, but some species have lost their female imagos. It seems that the subimaginal stage is necessary to mayflies. However, historically only very limited reports specially discussed and studied the origin, function and morphology of mayfly subimagos. A comprehensive and detailed reseach on this issue has not found yet so far. Here we propose a project on it. In our plan, the life history of one to five species in each family of Chinese Ephemeroptera will be recorded in detail, ecdysis processes of them will be videoed digitally, the exact morphological differences between subimagos and imagos will be scanned and compared. With those information plus higher phylogeny of the order Ephemeroptera, the origin, function, adaptation and evolution of subimagos in the life history will be discussed and analysed. Furthermore, the possible correlations between longevity of subimagos as well as imagos and external morphology (such as body size) or transformation type (molt in water or on land) will be established and reconstructed. If the present proposed research will be adopted, funded and performed as we hope and plan, we believe we can provide much more mayfly specimens of China, valuable information and opinions on classification and evolution of mayflies, and new perspective and ideas on the origin and development of insect metamorphosis as well.

英文关键词： mayfly;subimago;morphology;adaptive evolution;life history