负载型可见光钽酸盐催化剂的制备及对重金属离子吸附和还原能力研究

项目名称： 负载型可见光钽酸盐催化剂的制备及对重金属离子吸附和还原能力研究

项目编号： No.21267014

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 环境科学、安全科学

项目作者： 王晓晶

作者单位： 内蒙古大学

项目金额： 54万元

中文摘要： 本项目针对重金属离子对环境的污染问题,使用光催化、吸附技术与理论模拟相结合的技术手段，探寻一种高吸附、高光转换效率的光催化剂，达到从环境中还原清除低浓度重金属离子的目的。本项目拟通过掺杂调控钽酸盐微观结构、尺寸、形貌等特性，达到调节钽酸盐的能带结构，增强光吸收和降低光生电荷复合，提高光催化活性的目的；以杂多酸分子对催化剂表面进行构筑，改善催化剂对重金属离子的吸附特性和光催化还原多电子行为；利用膨润土为载体，采用先富集再催化的理念，提高催化剂对极低浓度重金属离子的响应。同时使用计算机模拟和光谱表征相结合的方法，研究掺杂效应、表面构筑、纳米粒子的量子尺寸效应等对能带隙变化、光谱吸收带边的红移以及光催化活性的影响。本项目的完成，为内蒙古自治区钽资源在光催化材料和环境净化技术方面的综合利用提供理论基础和经验积累，预计将开发出具有实际应用前景的新型膨润土负载的纳米钽酸盐光催化剂。

中文关键词： 重金属离子；钽酸盐；光催化；表面构筑；负载

英文摘要： This project pays attention to the enviromental problems induced by heavy metal ions. By combination of photocatalysis technique, adsorption and theoretical simulation, novel photocatalyst with high adsorption and photo-conversion properties are explored with the aim of reducing heavy metal ions of low concentration. By doping with metal ions, tantalate materials can be successfully prepared with controlled microstructure, particle sizes, morphologies and band gap energies. This can promote the generation and separation of photogenerated charges, and hence enhance the photocatalytic activities. In order to improve the adsorption and photocatalytic multi-electron reduction behavior, the surface of as-prepared tantalate materials are modified by polyoxometalates (POMs) with different structures. Subsequently, with the idea of " enrichment firstly, catalysis secendly" for heavy metal ions, the POMs modified tantalate materials are loaded on carrier of Bentonite, which can raise the responsive concentration of heavy metal ions. Simultaneously, by ultilizing theoretical simulation and characterization, we systematically investigate the influence of doping effects,surface modification as well as quantum size effects on the modulation of bandgap energies and photocatalytic activities. This project will not only develop

英文关键词： Heavy ions；tantalante；photocatalysis；surface modification；loading