石墨烯-粘土纳米复合材料的构建及其选择性吸附机制研究

项目名称： 石墨烯-粘土纳米复合材料的构建及其选择性吸附机制研究

项目编号： No.21271087

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 谭绍早

作者单位： 暨南大学

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 粘土对重金属和微生物具有选择性吸附，但吸附能力受层间可交换离子和荷电性限制，且对有机物吸附能力差和无选择性；石墨烯对有机物显示高效和选择性吸附，但易团聚和难回收。因此，本项目提出通过微波法将石墨烯或其功能化产物组装至粘土层间，构建易分散和回收，且分别对重金属、有机物或微生物有高效和选择性吸附的石墨烯-粘土纳米复合材料，重点研究其组装、结构形貌调控、构效关系、选择性吸附机制、综合性能优异的结构模型的建立。拟解决的关键科学问题是如何通过简单的组装工艺构建新型石墨烯-粘土纳米复合材料的问题，以及纳米复合材料的选择性吸附机制问题。其特色和创新之处：通过简单组装工艺构建新型石墨烯-粘土纳米复合材料；系统研究其结构形态调控；分别探索其对上述三类吸附质的不同选择性吸附机制。该研究成果对于发展新型的选择性吸附材料，提高我国吸附材料基础研究水平，推动化学、化工、材料、环境及物理等学科及其相关产业的发展。

中文关键词： 粘土；石墨烯；纳米复合材料；构建；选择性吸附机制

英文摘要： Clay have selective adsorption ability to heavy metals and microbial, but the absorption ability was limited by the layer ion-exchangeable and charged characteristic of the clay, and the absorption ability to organic compound is poor and no selective difficult to recycle. Graphene have efficient and selective adsorption ability to organic compound, but easy aggregated. Therefore, the project building novel graphene-clay nanocomposites by intercalated the graphene or functional graphene to the clay layer with easy to disperse and recycle, high efficiency and selective adsorption to heavy metals, organic compounds or microorganisms, respectively. The major focus of current research include the assembly, the control methods of structure and morphology, the structure-effective relationship, the selective adsorption mechanisms, and the construction of models of excellent comprehensive performances for the nanocomposites. The key scientific problems need to solve is how to build novel graphene-clay nanocomposites through simple techniques, and what are the selective adsorption mechanisms of the graphene-clay nanocomposites. The features and innovative points of the project include the building novel graphene-clay nanocomposites, the systematical research on the control methods of the nanocomposite's construction and

英文关键词： clay；graphene；nanocomposites；construction；selective adsorption mechanism