塔式起重机结构振动与载荷摆动耦合机理及其控制理论研究

项目名称： 塔式起重机结构振动与载荷摆动耦合机理及其控制理论研究

项目编号： No.51475277

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 机械、仪表工业

项目作者： 董明晓

作者单位： 山东建筑大学

项目金额： 82万元

中文摘要： 塔式起重机结构振动和载荷摆动产生的交变载荷是导致钢结构件疲劳破坏从而酿成事故的根本原因之一。为此，本项目拟通过研究机构运动、结构振动和载荷摆动内在作用规律，揭示塔式起重机多维振动和摆动耦合的作用机理，建立多维耦合振动控制理论和方法。首先研究塔式起重机塔身、起重臂和平衡臂的扭转振动、弯曲振动及其耦合振动规律，进而研究机构运动特性、结构振动特性和载荷摆动特性的相互作用规律，建立整机结构振动模态、载荷摆动频率及其耦合摆振与动力学参数之间映射关系模型，揭示结构振动与载荷摆动耦合作用机理。基于振动能量最小原则研究时滞滤波控制策略与结构振动、载荷摆动作用规律和综合设计决策理论，创建通过控制机构运动特性实现结构振动、载荷摆动以及耦合摆振主动控制理论和方法体系，有效解决现有控制理论和方法在消除塔式起重机载荷摆动后由于结构振动再次诱导载荷摆动，从而无法从根本上消除结构振动和载荷摆动的多维振动理论和技术难题。

中文关键词： 塔式起重机；结构振动；载荷摆动；耦合机理；主动控制

英文摘要： Alternating load generated by tower crane structure vibrations and payload oscillations is one of the fundamental reasons that cause fatigue failure of steel structures to induce accidents. Therefore, this project plans to reveal the mutual coupling mechanism of the multidimensional vibrations and multidimensional oscillations and creates control theory and methods of multi-dimensional coupling vibrations by means of investigating the mutual action mechanism of mechanism motion, structure vibrations and payload oscillations. Firstly, the project researches the action regularity of torsion vibration，bending vibration, and mutual coupling vibration of the tower body, the hoist boom and the balance arm. And then the project studies interaction law among mechanism movement characteristics, structure vibration characteristics, and the characteristics of payload oscillations to model the mapping relation between the whole machine structure vibration modals, payload oscillation frequencies, and its coupling vibrations and dynamical parameters and reveals the mutual coupling mechanism between the structure vibrations and the payload oscillations.The action regularity between time-delayed filtering control strategy, and the structure vibrations and payload oscillations and an integrated design decision theory are explored. An active control theory and methodologies on structure vibrations, payload oscillations, and coupled vibrations are established by controlling the mechanism motion characteristics. The project can effectively solve the theoretical and technical problems of the multidimensional vibration that the existing control theory and method cannot fundamentally eliminate the structure vibration and payload oscillations, because payload oscillation is induced again by the structural vibration after the elimination of tower crane payload oscillations.

英文关键词： tower crane;contructure vibration;payload oscillation;coupling mechanism;active control