汽车撞击时损伤的最小化

项目名称： 汽车撞击时损伤的最小化

项目编号： No.10872012

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 电工技术

项目作者： 隋允康

作者单位： 北京工业大学

项目金额： 45万元

中文摘要： 为了最大地减少汽车撞击事故的损伤，首先明瞭防撞性的力学行为，寻求撞击过程仿真的恰当模型；除了模拟保真的最重要因素，还需要考虑计算成本，因而选取的仿真方案必须具有真实性、高效率性和经济性；伴随着碰撞时乘员伤害的力学行为揭示，我们能够列出几个目标函数去极小化乘员伤害（峰值加速度）和/或极大化汽车性能（能量吸收）；由于这一生理-物理的交感，设计变量、目标函数与约束条件需精心选取，使之解决侵入距离最小与能量吸收最大的相互冲突，使目标函数更加合理；从RSM（响应面）、Kriging、RBF（径向基函数）、SVM(支持向量机)等方法中，选取优化模型高精确度和计算有效的元模型化方法；考虑优化模型的特殊性构造优化算法，提高叠代求解收敛速度和保证叠代的稳定, 克服多数研究者不考虑同模型化相匹配解法的策略失误；商用碰撞/冲击分析专用软件包(例如LS-DYNA)用于汽车碰撞数值模拟, 而且用作汽车抗撞性优化设计的平台，实现程序二次开发，进行实际问题的应用。

中文关键词： 汽车抗撞性;交通安全;数值模拟;力学行为;优化设计

英文摘要： To mostly decrease injury of vehicle crash process, firstly the crashworthiness mechanical behaviors have to be understood to find appropriate simulation models for the process. In addition to the most important factor, simulation fidelity, one also needs to consider the computational cost so that the selected simulation scheme has to possess high fidelity, efficiency, and economy. With an uncovering for mechanical behaviors behind passenger injuries during a crash, we can formulate several objective functions to minimize passenger injury (e.g. peak acceleration) and/or maximize the vehicle's performance (e.g. energy absorption). Due to this biological-physical interaction, the design variable, objective and constraint functions need to be carefully selected so as to resolve the conflicts between minimum intrusion distance and maximum energy absorption and the objective function will be made to be more rational. A metamodeling methodology will be selected from Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Kriging, Radial Basic Functions (RBFs), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) so that the optimization models will have both high accuracy and computational efficiency. Consequently, a strategy lapsus of choosing optimization algorithms which is not matching the particularity of the model in many researchers, will be overcame. Optimization algorithms will be constructed with consideration of characteristics of the optimization models so as to increase the convergence rate and stability in this iterative process. Commercial simulation software packages specifically developed for crash/impact analysis (e.g. LS-DYNA) will be used to support numerical simulations of vehicle crashes. Moreover, the packages are also platforms as a developed secondly software in which the optimum design of vehicle crashworthiness will be implemented and applications of practical problems will be realized.

英文关键词： Vehicle Crashworthiness; Transportation Safety; Numerical Simulation; Mechanical Behaviors; Optimum Design