青藏高原不同气候区典型冰川动态变化的SAR探测研究及区域特征分析

项目名称： 青藏高原不同气候区典型冰川动态变化的SAR探测研究及区域特征分析

项目编号： No.41471066

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 周建民

作者单位： 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所

项目金额： 95万元

中文摘要： 青藏高原作为全球中低纬度冰川分布最广的地区，其冰川变化及其影响日益显著并受到广泛关注。准确、全面的掌握不同气候区/不同规模冰川动态变化情况成为研究关注的热点。由于冰川实测资料稀缺以及光学遥感方法易受云、雪影响，使得仅能利用少数的参数在长时间尺度上对冰川变化进行分析。因此，利用现有技术手段很难准确掌握青藏高原冰川变化规律及区域特征。本项目采用可全天时、全天候探测的SAR数据，综合应用SAR相位/强度信息和极化信息，建立SAR探测冰川变化参数的方法集，以青藏高原西风和季风影响区域的典型冰川为研究区，通过收集研究区近20多年来的SAR数据，在统一的技术体系下，对不同气候区/不同规模冰川的运动速度、冰川面积、厚度变化、冰量变化、末端位置、平衡线位置等动态变化的规律及区域特征进行研究，从而阐明青藏高原不同气候区的冰川变化特征。为进一步揭示冰川系统对气候的响应过程和机理提供理论基础和数据支持。

中文关键词： 冰川变化；SAR遥感；区域特征分析；山地冰川

英文摘要： The glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are the most widely distributed in the low and middle latitudes. The glacier change and its influence are becoming more and more significant and widespread attention. Therefore, accurate knowledge of the dynamics of different types, size of glacier change becomes the focus of researchers. However, due to the sparse measured data of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau glacier and the detection of the glacier dynamic change by optical remote sensing is limited likely by torrential rains, dense mist, clouds and light conditions, it is difficult to fully utilize existing technology to accurately estimate the changes discipline and regional differences of glaciers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Therefore, this research uses the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), with 'all-weather' and 'all-time' capabilities, to detect the glacier's state and establishes the methods of detection of glacier change parameters integrating application phase, intensity and polarization information of SAR. These methods are used to obtain the motion, glacier area, thickness change, the glacier terminal position, the equilibrium line position, and so on. We choose the typical glaciers influencing by westerly and monsoon in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as the study areas and use the SAR data of the study areas in recent 20 years to research the glacier dynamic change rule and regional difference of the different types and size under the unified technical system, thus clarifying the characteristics of the glacier change in different climate zones of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This study could provide the theoretical basis and data support to further reveal the glacier system response to climate process and mechanism.

英文关键词： Glacier change;SAR remote sensing;Analysis of regional characteristics;Mountain glacier