橡胶树愈伤乳管与树皮乳管的形态学和转录组学比较研究及胶乳产量早期预测

项目名称： 橡胶树愈伤乳管与树皮乳管的形态学和转录组学比较研究及胶乳产量早期预测

项目编号： No.31471561

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 食品科学、农学基础与作物学

项目作者： 张家明

作者单位： 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所

项目金额： 86万元

中文摘要： 橡胶树常规育种周期40年以上，通常要两代人才能将一个新品种培育成功。产量早期预测能显著缩短育种年限。乳管是天然橡胶合成和贮存的场所，成龄树次生乳管数量是决定橡胶产量的最重要因素之一。过去曾经采用过的早期测产主要基于幼树初生乳管产胶能力，由于次生乳管和初生乳管产胶能力没有明显相关关系，曾经采用过的方法都存在不准的缺点。我们发现橡胶树愈伤组织中存在乳管细胞，而且乳管细胞数量与母树胶乳产量正相关。本项目拟系统研究橡胶树愈伤乳管与树皮乳管的细胞学、转录组学相似性和差异，以及产量水平不同的品种之间、杂交后代群体株系之间愈伤乳管数与胶乳产量的相关关系，揭示愈伤乳管与树皮次生乳管和胶乳产量之间的内在联系，建立基于愈伤组织的准确、高效的早期产量预测方法，缩短橡胶树育种年限；同时建立以愈伤组织为基础的新型、高效乳管分化发育研究模型，克服目前以田间树皮为模型研究乳管分化存在的环境因素难以控制等诸多缺点。

中文关键词： 橡胶树；乳管细胞；愈伤组织；转录组测序；产量预测

英文摘要： Rubber tree breeding cycle is more than 40 years, and it usually takes 2 generations to breed one variety. Early yield prediction may shorten breeding cycle significantly. Laticifer cells are the only place where natural rubber is synthesized and stored, and are the key factor that determine latex yield.The once adopted early prediction methods for rubber yield were based on the number of primary laticifer cells in juvenile trees. However, because the primary laticifer cell number in juvenile trees is not positively correlated with secondary laticifer cell number in mature trees, the once adopted methods were not accurate and never succeeded in breeding any varieties and were given up. We recently found laticifer cells in rubber tree callus cultures, and laticifer cell number in callus was positively correlated with latex yield of rubber trees, and we presumed that callus may be served as a model to predict the yield of a genetic line. More over, all reported studies on laticifer differentiation have been performed using rubber tree bark as a model. However, the bark model has many disadvantages, including uncontrollable environmental factors, and long-waiting time for tree growth, difficult application of potential growth simulators, and potential damage to commercially viable trees. This program will use comparative cytology, transcriptomic method to study laticifer differentiation, aiming at developing an early yield prediction method and a novel research model for laticifer differentiation using callus culture as a study model.

英文关键词： rubber tree;laticifer cell;callus;transcriptom sequencing;yield prediction