基于视紫红质光敏蛋白质的运动目标识别与跟踪探测器的基础研究

项目名称： 基于视紫红质光敏蛋白质的运动目标识别与跟踪探测器的基础研究

项目编号： No.61307006

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 无线电电子学、电信技术

项目作者： 李廷鱼

作者单位： 太原理工大学

项目金额： 26万元

中文摘要： 运动目标的识别一般利用CCD或CMOS采集图像，通过对不同时间图像间的比较来间接获得运动目标的信息，其计算量大，实时性差且有效信息损失严重是这一研究领域的瓶颈和难关。本研究参照动物视觉原理，基于视紫红质光敏蛋白质(bR, bacteriorhodopsin)具有与人眼视网膜相同微分光电响应的特性，从一个全新的角度探讨可直接识别和跟踪运动目标的光探测器。目前，我们建立的单画素探测器通过对微分信号的分析可以准确判断运动物体飞来的方向,并成功诱导电脑鼠(micromouse)绕开障碍物。本项目拟进一步拓展这一结果，完成阵列式视紫红质光敏蛋白质的微分信号探测器，建立与其对应的信号处理体系，探索实时性识别与跟踪静态背景下的运动物，期盼以一个全新的思路来推动计算机视觉技术的发展。

中文关键词： 视紫红质光敏蛋白质；光探测器；微分光电响应；运动目标检测；计算机视觉

英文摘要： Autonomous mobile robots respond to various situations and perform tasks without external commands. To detect objects, these robots are equipped with navigation systems composed of mechanical tools such as cameras, gyroscopes, ultrasonic sensors, and radar. All these systems have to indentify and track the moving object. To address these problems, we turn to the insect world. Insects are capable of processing visual information and rapidly responding to environmental changes. Robotic sensors derived from insects may provide lower-cost solutions by saving computing time and information. Furthermore, it can also improve the accuracy and give a real-time information. We are therefore aiming to develop an insect-mimetic visual sensor using a light-sensitive protein found in a bacterial cell and applying it to robot vision. Our 'biophotosensor' is based on the purplish bacteriorhodopsin (bR) pigment found in the cell membrane of Halobacterium salinarum, a bacterium that thrives in extremely high salt concentrations. The bR is similar to the light-sensitive pigment rhodopsin in the rod cells of human eyes. When excited by light, the bR molecule transports protons out of the bacterial cell. The resulting pH change generates a transient photocurrent only when the light switches on or off. This unique photocurrent proper

英文关键词： bacteriorhodopsin；light sensor；Differential photoelectric response；tracking of moving object；computer vision