磁流体萃取剂的制备及其固定床模式富集低浓度稀土的应用基础研究

项目名称： 磁流体萃取剂的制备及其固定床模式富集低浓度稀土的应用基础研究

项目编号： No.51304026

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 矿业工程

项目作者： 王强

作者单位： 北京有色金属研究总院

项目金额： 26万元

中文摘要： 稀土矿山和稀土分离厂家排放的大量低浓度稀土废水，不仅浪费了宝贵的资源，而且污染环境，急需回收和治理。 针对液-液溶剂萃取、固-液固定床吸附技术在回收低浓度稀土离子废液过程中存在的问题，本项目将溶剂萃取和固定床两种分离模式的优点集于一体，首先制备了一种含四氧化三铁的磁流体萃取剂，并结合高梯度磁分离理论提出了一种全新的集成创新分离模式--磁流体固定床萃取分离。该方法将磁流体萃取剂以液滴的形式固定在分离柱内的金属丝表面，构建了一个磁流体萃取剂液滴在分离柱内均匀分布、且具有一定孔隙率的磁性流体固定床。该方法在分离形式上类似于固定床，但其"吸附剂"是被高梯度磁场控制的磁性流体萃取剂液滴，而非固体颗粒，其分离机理与液-液萃取类似。 本申请人将博士期间研究内容与目前工作领域相结合，以低浓度稀土离子溶液为研究对象，拟系统开展磁流体萃取剂制备和应用的基础研究，为工业化应用解决关键性的科学问题。

中文关键词： 磁流体；萃取剂；磁性分离；稀土；萃取

英文摘要： The effluent of low-concentration rare earth (RE) discharged from mines and separation industries causes serious waste. Therefore, these valuable resources must be recovered and reused in order to meet increasingly price growth of RE. However, there are some disadvantages for separating and purifying low-concentration RE by conventional methods included solvent extraction and fixed-bed adsorption. The focus of this project is a novel, simple and rapid model of extraction process. The original so-called "magnetic-fluids fixed bed" (MFFB), which bridges solvent extraction and fixed-bed adsorption by the theory of the high gradient magnetic separation, has been explained. The MFFB integrates the advantages of the two above mentioned classical extraction methods and overcomes their drawbacks. In the high gradient magnetic separator filled with ferromagnetic steel wires, the magnetic fluid extractant are immobilized well-distributed as stationary phase in form of liquid-droplet on the surface of wires under non-homogeneous magnetic field. The low-concentration RE ions solved in aqueous solution, as mobile phase, flow through controlled-porosity high gradient magnetic separator and are extracted by magnetic extractant. This method is similar to fixed-bed adsorption in form, but its extraction mechanism is solvent ext

英文关键词： magnetic fluid；extractant；magnetic separation；rare earth；extraction