基于臭氧对建材挥发性有机物作用的人居环境新风量快速计算方法

项目名称： 基于臭氧对建材挥发性有机物作用的人居环境新风量快速计算方法

项目编号： No.21507102

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 化学工业

项目作者： 叶蔚

作者单位： 同济大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 新风是稀释室内污染物最主要的手段。传统新风量计算思路认为人是室内主要污染源，而办公建筑等人居环境中主导污染物是建材、家具散发的挥发性有机物（VOC），传统方法存在健康风险。本项目旨在研究影响室内VOC浓度和人体暴露的两大敏感因素——新风量与臭氧引发的反应，拟完成：1、提出建材VOC散发优先控制目标筛选方法；2、建立臭氧与目标VOC单相、异相反应独立/耦合模型，进而对稳态、非稳态条件下主要关键参数分别进行敏感性和临界值分析；3、提出均匀/非均匀环境臭氧作用下建材散发VOC气相浓度的快速估计法；4、提出臭氧对典型建材甲醛初始（表观）可散发浓度的影响评价模型并进行实验验证；5、建立新风量指标快速计算方法，进行实验验证并提出适用于新风量预测的建材、家具VOC散发数据库数据构成。以此建立基于臭氧对建材散发VOC作用的人居环境新风量快速计算方法体系，为我国人居环境新风量指标确定提供理论技术支撑。

中文关键词： 臭氧；挥发性有机物；建筑材料；新风；新风量

英文摘要： Ventilation is commonly used as a basic means to supply outdoor air to indoor environment to dilute volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations and achieve better indoor air quality. Occupants are traditionally considered as the main source for indoor pollutants. However, VOCs that emitted from building materials could the leading source for pollution in low-occupant-density indoor environment, e.g., offices and residential buildings. This proposal focuses on the two major variables that may affect the gas-phase VOC concentrations, i.e., ventilation rate and ozone-initiated reactions, and proposes to present a new pack of rapid methods to predict ventilation rate while considering ozone chemistry as follows: 1) to develop a method to prioritize the VOCs presented initially in the building materials; 2) to develop decoupled/coupled method to cover gas-phase reactions and surface reactions with ozone. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis will be performed for the steady-state model and threshold analysis will be conducted for the unsteady-state model; 3) to summarize a rapid method to estimate gas-phase VOC concentrations for both uniform and ununiformed environment based on the sensitivity and threshold analysis; 4) to propose a model to predict the apparent initial formaldehyde concentration in the material-phase while interacting with ozone, the model will be validated by experimental study; 5) to develop a rapid method to determine ventilation rate based on indoor exposures to gas-phase VOCs with the influence of ozone; 6) to propose a data structure for a building material emission database that could be used to predict ventilation rate for offices and residential buildings based on the ventilation rate determination method proposed in this research.

英文关键词： ozone;volatile organic compound;building material;outdoor air;ventilation rate