页岩储层地震各向异性响应特征研究及应用

项目名称： 页岩储层地震各向异性响应特征研究及应用

项目编号： No.U1262208

项目类型： 联合基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 李向阳

作者单位： 中国石油大学（北京）

项目金额： 270万元

中文摘要： 页岩气储层最显著的地震响应特征是速度各向异性；页岩的地震各向异性是所有岩石中最强的。研究页岩的地震各向异性响应特征及其应用是进一步发展页岩气地震勘探技术的关键。本项目将在页岩地震各向异性的成因、分析方法和应用途径等三方面开展研究。首先，从分析页岩岩心及测井数据入手，建立精确的页岩储层地震各向异性岩石物理模型，并针对页岩储层诸如有机质、泥质、脆性矿物质分布、孔隙及裂缝纵横比等特性开展地震响应特征研究及敏感参数分析。第二，探索页岩气探区地震资料的各向异性处理与反演方法，包括速度分析、参数估算及纵横波联合反演等。第三，根据页岩超低孔低渗等特点，提出孔隙结构描述、矿物组分替换等新概念，重点研究泥质含量、脆性矿物质、有机质及孔隙和裂缝排列、纵横比等的预测方法，并结合微地震资料，利用地震各向异性优化压裂参数。总之，通过本项目的研究，为利用地震各向异性进行页岩气甜点检测及储层改造提供理论依据和技术支持。

中文关键词： 页岩储层；岩石物理；地震响应；地震各向异性和处理；储层预测

英文摘要： Shale represents the strongest seismic anisotropy amongst all rock types, which is also the most significant seismic response of shale gas. Therefore, the research of seismic anisotropic response of shales and its application is extremely important in the development of shale gas exploration. In this project, we study the origin of shale seismic anisotropy, the estimation and analysis of anisotropy, as well as how seismic anisotropy can help in shale gas exploration. For this, we first study the shale core sample and log data, in order to establish accurate anisotropic rock physics models of shale gas reservoir; secondly, we develop anisotropic algorithms for processing and inversion of multicomponent seismic data for shale gas exploration, including seismic velocity analysis, anisotropy parameters estimation and joint inversion of multicomonent seismic. Finally, due to the extremely low porosity and low permeability, we argue that the shale microstructure, such as pore aspect ratio may be more sensitive to seismic properties compared with porosity and permeability, or TOC (Total organic carbon). We propose the concept of mineralogy substitution instead of fluid substitution, and develop techniques to predict the clay content, the distribution of brittle minerals, the volume of organic matters and the lamination

英文关键词： Shale reservoir；Rock physics；Seismic response；Seismic anisotropy and processing；Reservoir prediction