艾滋病自然感染与疫苗诱导产生抗体的鉴别研究

项目名称： 艾滋病自然感染与疫苗诱导产生抗体的鉴别研究

项目编号： No.30872419

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 医药、卫生

项目作者： 郑建

作者单位： 重庆医科大学

项目金额： 30万元

中文摘要： 目前所有候选的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）疫苗均含有多种HIV病毒基因或基因产物并刺激机体产生相应抗体，这些抗体与HIV自然感染产生的抗体几乎没有差异，用目前HIV血清诊断试剂盒诊断为阳性，导致误诊。Khurana等用HIV阳性血清与HIV噬菌体展示文库反应，筛选到能区分HIV自然感染产生抗体和注射疫苗产生抗体的三条特异性HIV抗原肽，两条位于包膜蛋白gp41C端（sk1和sk2）,另一条位于蛋白p6上（sk3）。本研究采用基因重组和化学合成方式得到这三条特异性肽段，通过比较选取了化学合成的多肽和重组包膜蛋白gp41和gp36作为抗原开发HIV鉴别诊断试剂盒。对大量临床样本分析显示，化学合成HIV多肽应用于ELISA试剂盒表现出92%灵敏度和100%特异性，新型Flow-through快速诊断试剂盒同样表现出92%灵敏度和100%特异性。本研究成功研制了HIV快速层析鉴别诊断试剂盒，这一试剂盒能够用于HIV疫苗临床试验志愿者的感染筛选，同时可以作为一项技术储备应用于疫苗研制成功后的HIV筛查工具。

中文关键词： HIV；疫苗；鉴别诊断

英文摘要： Most of the current vaccine candidates for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) contain multiple viral components and generate antibodies that closely correspond with HIV infections. These antibodies could react positively with licensed HIV diagnostic kits and vaccinees may be wrongly diagnosed as being HIV-infected. To avoid false HIV diagnosis, three short peptides, two in env-gp41 (sk1 and sk2) and one in gag-p6 (sk3), have been identified that differentiate vaccine-induced antibodies from virus-induced antibodies. In this study,we obtained HIV-1 peptides sk1, sk2 and sk3 by chemical synthesis and recombinant. After compared these two methods products, we selected chemical synthesis peptides to developed a novel Rapid Flow-through Test Kit combined with HIV recombinant proteins gp41 and gp36. The sensitivity and specificity of the Flow-through Kit were evaluated by clinical samples and compared with ELISA kits prepared in the study. The short peptides in the kit showed 92% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The novel Flow-through Test Kit is a simple, time-conserving and effective method to detect and differentiate HIV infection-induced antibodies from HIV vaccine-induced antibodies, thus the kit may be suitable for use in clinical settings in the future.

英文关键词： HIV；vaccine；differential diagnosis