对流层中层大气影响深对流发展的关键物理机制和参数化研究

项目名称： 对流层中层大气影响深对流发展的关键物理机制和参数化研究

项目编号： No.41475059

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 马雷鸣

作者单位： 上海市气象局

项目金额： 89万元

中文摘要： 大气深对流对于天气和气候都有重要影响。它不仅可导致强对流有组织发展、形成热带气旋、暴雨、强风灾害，而且可通过影响对流层整层大气的能量和水汽交换，作用于全球能量和水循环。深对流的发生、发展离不开对流层中层大气过程，后者作为对流层上下层间能量、水汽交换的媒介，其加热/增湿、中尺度涡旋、上升运动、夹卷等过程可能决定了深对流迅速发展以及热带气旋的生成，得到了国内外研究的日益重视，并引起如top-down机制与bottom-up机制，浓积云增湿作用与大尺度强迫作用等关于对流发展根本问题的争议。本申请项目拟以热带气旋生成前后的深对流发展过程为研究对象，一方面通过多源观测分析、数值模拟和诊断分析，判断争议中的合理成分，尝试提出对流层中层大气影响深对流发展的新机制；另一方面，通过对流参数化试验验证这一机制，并将其应用于对流参数化方案改进，为热带气旋等强对流灾害天气预报提供关键技术支撑。

中文关键词： 对流；热带气旋；参数化；数值模拟

英文摘要： Atmospheric convection,especially deep convection plays an important role in evolution of weather and climate. Deep convection leads to the genesis，and growth of MCS, tropical cyclone,inducing disasters such as howling wind and torrential rain. Deep convection can also modulates the atmospheric energy, momentum and moisture exchange throughout the troposphere, which then drives the global energy and water cycle.The development of deep convection is closely associated with atmospheric processes of the middle-troposphere， which connect the upper and lower troposphere through energy and moisture exchange.Atmospheric processes in middle-troposphere, such as heating/moistening, mesoscale vortex,upward motion, entrainment/ detrainment,etc, are believed to be responsible for the rapid growth of deep convection and genesis of tropical cyclone. It thus have received more and more global attention, where controversies exist, e.g., top-down vs. bottom-up assumption, moistening effect from congestus cloud vs. large scale forcing, etc. This proposal therefore attempts to identify the resonable part of the controversies and increase the understanding of the evolution mechansim of deep convection. Moreover, the proposal will also translate this understanding into convective parameterization and numerical prediction,which is believed to be favorable to the behavior of numerical prediction on deep convection and its related disastrous weather impacts.

英文关键词： convection;tropical cyclone;parameterization;numerical simulation