基于高分辨率遥感影像的民勤绿洲植被优势种蒸腾耗水估算

项目名称： 基于高分辨率遥感影像的民勤绿洲植被优势种蒸腾耗水估算

项目编号： No.41461011

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 张华

作者单位： 西北师范大学

项目金额： 50万元

中文摘要： 植物蒸腾耗水是干旱区绿洲水资源的主要消耗。高分辨率遥感影像能够实现植物蒸腾耗水估算由点到面的尺度转换。本项目以石羊河下游民勤绿洲植被优势种胡杨、梭梭、沙拐枣、白刺、盐爪爪、红砂和沙蓬等为研究对象，以植物地理学、生态水文学和统计学等多学科理论为指导，野外调查结合遥感光谱分类技术，拟对民勤绿洲植被优势种蒸腾耗水进行由点到样方再到区域尺度的研究。首先，基于典型样点生物量观测，建立植被优势种地上生物量与其生态参数（冠幅面积或盖度）关系模型；其次利用高分辨率遥感影像Geoeye-1 对植被优势种进行分类得到生态参数，实现植被优势种地上部分生物量估算；最后基于植被优势种生物量与蒸腾系数关系，估算植被优势种蒸腾耗水并将其空间化，揭示流域蒸腾耗水空间分布规律。本项目可为民勤绿洲植物多样性保护和受损生态系统的恢复提供科学依据，为制定合理的石羊河流域水资源管理分配方式提供参考。

中文关键词： 蒸腾耗水；植被优势种；高分辨率遥感影像；民勤绿洲

英文摘要： The transpiring water consumption of vegetation is the main consumption of water in arid area. Estimation of plant transpiration water consumption can achieve the scale conversion from point to area by high-resolution remote sensing images. The research objects of this study are the Populus euphratica, Haloxylon ammodendron, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Nitraria tangutorum, Kalidium foliatum Reaumuria songarica and Agriophyllum squarrosum which are the dominant species of vegetation in Minqin oasis. Guided by the theories of Geobotany, Ecohydrology, Statistics theories and other disciplines. Field investigation combined with remote sensing and spatial technique will be applied to study transpiring water consumption of dominant species of vegetation from point, plot to area in Minqin oasis. First, biological characteristics of typical plots survey and biomass observation of dominant species of vegetation will be made. The relational model of aboveground biomass and the ecological parameters (canopy breadth or coverage degree) of dominant species of vegetation will be constructed. Then, ecological parameters of dominant species of vegetation will be obtained from high-resolution remote sensing images Geoeye-1, which will be classified to reveal the spatial distribution of aboveground biomass of dominant species of vegetation. Finally, to estimate the transpiring water consumption of dominant species of vegetation by the relationship between biomass and transpiration coefficient. According to the studying results, to analyze spatial distribution characteristics of transpiring water consumption in Minqin oasis. The spatial distribution pattern of transpiring water consumption will be revealed. Thus this study could provide basis for plant diversity conservation and Ecosystem in Minqin oasis. Also could be a reference of rational water resources management of Shiyanghe river basin.

英文关键词： transpiring water consumption;dominant species of vegetation;high-resolution remote sensing images;Minqin oasis