灵长类动物内侧颞叶中语义记忆与情景记忆间的交互作用对行动的作用

项目名称： 灵长类动物内侧颞叶中语义记忆与情景记忆间的交互作用对行动的作用

项目编号： No.31471076

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 神经、认识与心理学

项目作者： 纳家勇治

作者单位： 北京大学

项目金额： 91万元

中文摘要： 陈述性记忆由语义记忆和情景记忆组成，前者指一般的知识、概念，后者是包含了事件及其发生时间、地点等的自传式回忆。多数研究集中于阐明这两种记忆各自的功能特征，其相互关系并不清楚。本研究将基于我们运用自身知识对未来事件做出决策这一现象，在单细胞水平上探究这种相互关系。我们设计了一个前瞻性脑力（PBM）任务，其中猕猴被训练记住若干组物体－方位配对关联，通过检索记忆信息完成配对任务。因为反复学习，这种关联最终被储存为类语义记忆。记录猕猴任务时其内侧颞叶（MTL），视觉皮层TE和压后皮质（RSC）等区域的单细胞和局部场电位活动。MTL是陈述性记忆系统的中心，TE、RSC分别向MTL输入物体、方位信息。我们试图回答：第一，哪部分脑区储存了这种物体－方位关联的长期记忆？第二，MTL和RSC如何运用待检索记忆支持未来抉择？找到第一步的情景记忆系统运用语义记忆信息支持未来决策的神经电生理依据。

中文关键词： 学习记忆；猴子；认知神经科学；神经环路；海马

英文摘要： Declarative memory makes it possible for us to remember the past and to make appropriate choices based on our past experiences. This everyday-language memory consists of two subcategories: semantic memory and episodic memory. The former refers to general knowledge of facts, while the latter refers to memories of autobiographical events containing item, time and place. Many studies including both human and animal experiments investigated these two memory functions. However, only few studies examined interactions between them. In this proposal, we will examine their interactions at single-neuron level particularly when we use our knowledge for the future action. For this aim, we have devised a novel memory task for monkey neurophysiology. We refer to this task as a prospective brain for monkey (PBM) task, concerned with prospective brain paradigm which is proposed by recent human fMRI studies. In the PBM task, a monkey retrieves a long-term association memory between item and place, and then the animal uses the to-be-retrieved information for the action in a flexible manner according to a following instruction cue. We assume that the item-place associations will be stored as semantic-like memory rather than episodic-like memory because monkey subjects will learn the combinations repeatedly over one year of the training period. We will record single-unit activities and local field potentials from the medial temporal lobe (MTL), visual area TE (TE) and the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) during the monkeys are performing the task. MTL is a center of declarative memory system and consists of the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex, the perirhinal cortex and the parahippocampal cortex. Anatomically, TE provides object information to MTL, while RSC provides spatial information to MTL. In this project, we will ask two main questions as follows. The first question is which brain area stores the association between item and place as long-term memory; is it the perirhinal cortex or the hippocampus? The second question is how MTL areas and RSC use the to-be-retrieved information for the future action; what kind of neural mechanisms are recruited in MTL and RSC to transform the place information from an allocentric cognitive map to an egocentric spatial map? The answers to these questions will provide the first neurophysiological evidence indicating the manipulation of to-be-stored semantic information by episodic memory system.

英文关键词： declarative memory;hippocampus;perirhinal cortex;monkey;prospective brain