煤自燃多组分指标气体TDLAS痕量检测技术基础研究

项目名称： 煤自燃多组分指标气体TDLAS痕量检测技术基础研究

项目编号： No.51504186

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 矿业工程

项目作者： 王伟峰

作者单位： 西安科技大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 煤自燃危险程度的判定是世界性难题，气体是煤火灾害检测的关键指标。煤自燃时，氧化和热解同时产生常量、微量和痕量的指标气体，现有红外检测技术选择性差、检测种类受限，化学传感器交叉敏感、零点漂移，气相色谱使用复杂、时效性差，这些方法均难以实现精确、实时在线检测。可调谐半导体激光光谱分析技术具有高选择性、高灵敏度、高精度及实时在线测量等优点，可同时检测多种气体，是气体检测技术的发展方向。针对多组分指标气体TDLAS痕量检测存在的关键科学问题，采用稀疏分解和三重洛伦兹函数法，解决烯烃类气体自身重叠谱线分离的难题；建立MPSO-ELM修正模型，排除烃类气体吸收谱线的交叉干扰；采用算术平均-小波滤波法，扣除待测气体吸收谱线的背景噪声；利用相敏检波和低通滤波技术，实现多组分指标气体的高灵敏度痕量检测。该技术为判定煤自燃危险程度，实现煤自燃火灾的早期预测与科学救灾决策及确保救灾安全提供先进手段和技术支撑。

中文关键词： 煤火灾害；煤自燃；多组分；指标气体；痕量检测

英文摘要： The determination of the risk degree of coal spontaneous combustion is a worldwide problem. Gases are the key indicators of coal fire hazard detection. In the oxidation and pyrolysis process of coal spontaneous combustion, it simultaneously produces constant, minor and trace index gases . Existing infrared detection techniques has poor selectivity, limited types of gas detection. Chemical sensors possess cross-sensitive, zero drift problems. GC is complex and time consuming. These methods are difficult to achieve accurate, real-time online detection. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy technology has the advantages of high selectivity, high sensitivity, high precision and real-time online detection. It can simultaneously detect a variety of gases. It is the trend of gas detection. The topic for the key scientific issues of the TDLAS trace detection of multi-component index gases, which intends to adopt the sparse decomposition method and the triple Lorentz function model, the problem can be solved for the separation of self overlapping spectrum lines of olefin gas. By establishing the correction model of MPSO-ELM, the crossing interference of hydrocarbon gas absorption lines is excluded. The background noise of waiting for the tested gas absorption spectrum lines is deducted by arithmetic mean - wavelet filtering method. The high sensitivity trace detection of multi-component index gases are realized by the technique of phase sensitive demodulation and low-pass filtering. The technology provides an advanced tool and technical support for the determination of the risk degree of coal spontaneous combustion, the realization of the early prediction of coal spontaneous combustion and the scientific decision-making, and to ensure a safe rescue.

英文关键词： coal fire hazard;coal spontaneous combustion;multi-component;index gases;trace detection