泥石流输沙特征及输沙定量计算方法

项目名称： 泥石流输沙特征及输沙定量计算方法

项目编号： No.41471010

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 葛永刚

作者单位： 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所

项目金额： 90万元

中文摘要： 泥石流输沙多少及其空间分配既决定了泥石流改变沟谷地貌的方式，更决定了泥石流危险区范围与危害方式。对泥石流输沙特征及机理认知的不足很大程度上限制了泥石流危险区与山地环境变化的预测与评价。项目以高频沟谷泥石流输沙过程和特征为研究对象，进行泥石流输沙的定量描述与计算。以地貌演化理论为指导，利用高分辨率遥感影像解译数据确定泥石流输沙源区，通过泥沙源区变化监测与泥沙观测断面数据，定量估算泥石流产沙量；综合利用野外观测、剖面分析、泥沙样品分析、输沙模型实验及数值模拟数据研究沟谷泥石流输沙过程，确定不同粒径泥沙输移、淤积的临界条件，给出泥石流动力参数与泥沙组成的定量关系，实现泥石流输沙的定量描述；分析沟谷泥沙输移、淤积的时空变化特征，建立基于事件与年际尺度的反映泥沙输移、淤积分布的沟谷泥石流输沙定量计算模型与方法，为泥石流风险防范和山区地貌演化研究提供理论与技术支持。

中文关键词： 泥石流；输沙；特征；输沙量；定量计算

英文摘要： The amount and distribution of sediment transported by debris flow not only produce rapid geomorphology change, but also decide the zone and mode of hazard. The incomprehension to the characteristics and mechanism of sediment transporting overly puts off the predicting of debris flow hazard zone and physiognomy change. This project concentrates on quantitative characterization and calculation of sediment transporting induced by debris flow through researching high-frequency debris flows. The sediment sources of debris flow are identified and monitored by combining high-resolution remote sense images interpretation and topography change, and then the sediment load is also calculated at different temporal-spatial scale. Moreover, the quantitative relationship between dynamic parrameters of debris flow and sediment particle sizes is established after analyzing and confirming the initiating threshold of transporting sediment with different particle sizes, which are made by integrating field observation, sediment profile analyzing, samples analyzing, stimulated experiments and numerical stimulating. Then, the methodology of quantitative calculating and assessment for debris flow transporting sediment, representing spatial distribution of sediment, is established to support the controlling and mitigating of debris flow as well as the research of physiognomy change.

英文关键词： debris flow;sediment transporting;charateristics;sediment transportating load;quantitive calculation