半干旱荒漠区典型湿地流域水分生态格局及效应研究

项目名称： 半干旱荒漠区典型湿地流域水分生态格局及效应研究

项目编号： No.41301628

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 刘萍萍

作者单位： 西安交通大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 综合运用生态学、景观生态学、水文学、卫星遥感和地理信息系统等手段，利用不同时段遥感影像、基础地理信息数据和相关环境资料，研究近30年来半干旱荒漠区红碱淖湿地流域的景观动态变化，运用景观格局指数和动态变化模型，定量分析湿地流域景观时空变化的空间分异特征及其演变趋势；从水分-生态格局相互作用机理入手，通过对红碱淖湿地流域植被、水文、土壤等生态因子进行为期三年的定位监测和连续采样分析，系统研究红碱淖湿地流域不同景观类型生态要素的空间分异特征及其变化趋势；结合流域景观空间异质性分析，阐明湿地水文、土壤、生物多样性和生物地球化学循环生态过程对流域水分环境变化的响应特点, 揭示流域水分生态效应及其流域生态环境变化的机理,以期为生态脆弱带湿地的合理开发利用和区域可持续发展提供决策支持。

中文关键词： 湿地流域；红碱淖；景观格局；生态效应；荒漠区

英文摘要： With the principles and techniques of ecology, landscape ecology, hydrology and remote sensing and geographic information system, the spatiotemporal dynamic and characteristics of wetland landscape pattern are quantitatively researched in Hongjiannao wetland watershed in the past 30 years using different remote sensing images, fundamental geographic information data and related environmental information. Based on water-ecological interaction mechanism, three-year intensive field sampling on vegetation, hydrology, soil and other ecological factors are collected to investigate spatial characteristics of ecological elements in the wetland watershed. Moreover, integrated with wetland landscape characteristics, wetland ecological processes influenced by regional hydrological changes, such as soil properties, biodiversity, biogeochemical processes of nutrients, are emphatically identified to reveal regional hydro-ecological effects characteristics in the wetland watershed in the semi-arid desert region. Finally, this project aims to provide scientific basis for the resources protection and rational utilization of wetland and regional sustainable development in the ecologically sensitive area.

英文关键词： Wetland watershed；Hongjiannao；Landscape Pattern；Ecological effects；Desert area