基于生物高分子的新材料构建及其构效关系

项目名称： 基于生物高分子的新材料构建及其构效关系

项目编号： No.21334005

项目类型： 重点项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 张俐娜

作者单位： 武汉大学

项目金额： 300万元

中文摘要： 我们已有工作是突破有机溶剂加热溶解传统方法，创建用NaOH/尿素等水溶液低温溶解难溶性的纤维素、甲壳素甚至聚苯胺，属原始创新。本项目重点解决以下问题：1.弄清生物大分子很强的分子内和分子间氢键作用力，指导生物高分子链的拆分和重组，建立高分子低温溶解理论；2.建立生物高分子稀溶液理论及链构象表征新方法，确定纤维素和甲壳素在水体系低温下的形态和尺寸；3.基于低温溶解的纤维素和甲壳素，建立通过非共价键力构建生物大分子复合材料的新方法，研制一系列具有生物相容性、光电磁响应、分离与吸附或催化功能的新材料，以及生物塑料、中空纤维、多层膜和智能凝胶等；4.建立生物大分子材料的聚集态结构表征新方法以及弄清其超分子结构与材料功能的关系，并建立构效关系；5.基于纤维素和甲壳素的生物相容和可降解性，构建生物医用材料，研究它们作为细胞生长支架、药物控释载体以及止血和抗菌材料、中空纤维的功能，并评价它们应用前景。

中文关键词： 生物高分子;功能材料;构效关系;低温溶解理论;生物相容性

英文摘要： We have developed a series of novel aqueous solutions, such as NaOH/urea etc, to dissolve intransigent cellulose, chitin and even polyaniline at low temperature, instead of the traditional methods which use organic solvents for the solution at high temperature. It is an original innovation. This project will focus on the following issues: (1) to clarify the strong inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding interactions of the biomacromolecules,in order to guide the breaking and re-construction of the hydrogen bonds between biomacromolecules,and establish the dissolution mechanisms at low temperature ; (2) to establish the theory of dilute solution of biomacromolecules and new pathways to characterize the chain conformation, furthermore investigate the morphology and dimensions of cellulose and chitin solutions dissolved in aqueous solutions at low temperature; (3) to establish new pathways to fabricate biomacromolecule composite materials via non-covalent bonds based on the dissolusion of cellulose and chitin at low temperatures, and develop composite materials with different functions, such as biocompatible, light, electric, and magnetic responding, separating and adsorbing, or catalytic, as well as bio-plastic, hollow fiber, multi-membrane, smart gel etc; (4) to set up new methods to characterize the aggregation structures of biomacromolecule materials and figure out the correlation of the material properties to their supramolecular structures, then establish the structure-properties relationship; (5) based on the biocompatibility and biodegradability of cellulose and chitin, to fabricate new biomedical materials, then study their properties and evaluate their application as scaffolds, drug delivery, hemostatic and antibacterial materials as well as hollow fibers for artificial kidney and lung.

英文关键词： biomacromolecules;functional materials;structure-properties relations;dissolution at low temperature;biocompatibility