项目名称: 高能量密度、多锂离子嵌脱的硅酸盐正极材料系统研究
项目编号: No.21271145
项目类型: 面上项目
立项/批准年度: 2013
项目学科: 数理科学和化学
项目作者: 张友祥
作者单位: 武汉大学
项目金额: 80万元
中文摘要: 作为新型电动汽车的动力电池,锂离子电池的重要性日益明显。由于单个分子中存在两个锂离子,硅酸盐正极材料的理论比容量为磷酸盐的理论比容量的两倍。但长期以来,单个硅酸盐分子中稳定地嵌脱多个锂离子的愿望一直没能实现。最近申请人在新合成出来的硅酸铁锂中实现了多个锂离子的稳定嵌脱:室温下单个硅酸铁锂分子能长期可逆嵌脱1.4个锂离子。材料的大比容量及其穆斯堡尔谱证明了其中四价铁离子的形成与长期存在。这种高价态铁离子的安全性、稳定性、氧化还原循环过程、相关的晶体结构变化等是本申请项目的主要研究内容。为了有利于多锂离子的嵌脱,项目的研究内容还包括:合成新型的硅酸盐固溶体及其晶体结构和性能的调控、用不同价态的元素对晶体中的硅进行部分取代,以调节材料嵌脱锂离子的电极电位,并产生间隙锂离子或锂离子空位等。这些关于多锂离子嵌脱的硅酸盐正极材料的基础研究有助于我国获得下一代高比能的锂离子电池高新技术。
中文关键词: 四价铁离子;硅酸盐;多锂离子嵌脱;正极材料;锂离子电池
英文摘要: Lithium-ion batteries are being seriously considered for the efficient storage and utilization of intermittent renewable energies like solar and wind. They are also being intensively pursued for vehicle applications including hybrid electric vehicles and pure electric vehicles. To obtain high energy density lithium-ion batteries, it is vital to exploit the cathode materials that can extract/insert more than one mole of lithium ions per mole of compound. Orthosilicates Li2MSiO4 (M = Fe, Mn, Co, Ni), with two lithium ions in a formula unit, can in principle reach this "multiple lithium ions extraction/insertion" goal. Recently, a totally new and simple way to synthesize polyoxyanion compounds was found in our lab, and Li2MSiO4/C (M = Fe, Mn) composites synthesized by this method can reversibly extract/insert more than one lithium ion per formula unit easily, with the discharge capacity reaching 230 mAh/g at current density of 0.1 C (1 C = 166 mA g-1) at room temperature. Discharge capacities of 185, 150, and 120 mAh/g are obtained at high rates of 1 C, 5 C, and 10 C, respectively. The M?ssbauer spectra for the electrode materials at different charging stages show that both Fe2+/Fe3+ and Fe3+/Fe4+ redox couples are related to these high capacities. But until now the detailed extraction/insertion mechanisms of these
英文关键词: tetravalent iron ions;orthosilicates;multiple lithium ion extraction/insertion;cathode materials;lithium ion batteries