人工湿地生态系统甲烷过程对生物多样性响应研究

项目名称： 人工湿地生态系统甲烷过程对生物多样性响应研究

项目编号： No.31270377

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 常杰

作者单位： 浙江大学

项目金额： 98万元

中文摘要： 随着人口增长和城市化水平提高，污水处理过程中排放的大通量的甲烷已经成为巨大的温室气体源。人工湿地污水处理系统甲烷排放虽然低于污水处理厂，但通量仍然很大，因此迫切需要研究人工湿地系统中的甲烷过程，以寻找降低甲烷通量的途径。植物通过影响基质中理化因子和微生物群落来影响根区的甲烷的产生、转化和释放过程，但是在污水这种高碳和高氮条件下，不同植物种类根区甲烷过程具有什么特征？植物多样性配置是否会改变系统的甲烷过程？碳氮条件如何影响甲烷过程和释放通量？这些重要的机理问题目前尚无系统的研究。本项目拟以人工湿地系统为研究平台，通过控制条件下的物质平衡结合稳定同位素方法，研究在不同碳氮浓度和氮形态下30余种植物根区甲烷产生、氧化、运输过程和排放强度的种间差异，以及多样性配置对系统甲烷过程的影响机理，拓展生物多样性-生态系统功能关系的研究；同时筛选兼具高去污能力和低甲烷释放植物并探索原理，发展资源植物学。

中文关键词： 甲烷；污水；选种；生物多样性；净化效率

英文摘要： Methane emission during wastewater treatment processes has become a huge source of greenhouse gases due to population increasing and urbanization. The constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment are huge methane emission sources although the fluxes are lower than that from wastewater treatment plants. So it is urgent to study the methane processes in constructed wetland systems in order to reduce methane emission. Plants could have significant influences on the transformation and emission processes of methane through affecting physical and chemical factors, and microbial communities and activities in the substrate of constructed wetlands. However, what are the features of methane processes in the root zones of different plant species under high carbon and nitrogen concentrations in wastewater? Whether plant diversity assemblage can alter methane processes? How does carbon and nitrogen concentration affect methane processes and emissions? The mechanisms associated with these questions are of great importance but are lack of studies. This program use constructed wetlands as the research platforms and combined approaches of mass-balance with stable isotopic method, to study the interspecific differences of root zone methane production, oxidation and transportation processes as well as emission intensities among m

英文关键词： methane；wastewater；plant screening；biodiversity；purification efficiency