语境、语用推理和交际变量影响会话含意理解的认知神经机制

项目名称： 语境、语用推理和交际变量影响会话含意理解的认知神经机制

项目编号： No.31470976

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 神经、认识与心理学

项目作者： 周晓林

作者单位： 北京大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 言语交际是人类社会交往最为核心和普遍的特征之一。言语理解的目的不仅仅是理解句子和话语所传达的字面或表层意义，在很多情况下还需透过字面信息推导背后的话语含意，理解说话者的真实意图。这一过程及相应的神经活动受到多重因素的影响与制约。本研究力图利用行为实验、脑电记录和磁共振功能成像技术，考察会话含意理解的认知神经机制，从而为建立语用信息加工的认知模型提供实验证据，并帮助建立刚刚兴起的神经语用学。具体说来，我们将回答下列问题：1）一般会话含意与特殊会话含意理解的神经机制有何异同？2）多种会话含意同时存在时，一般会话含意的加工是否优先于特殊会话含意？语境如何影响特殊会话含意的提取？3）推理难度如何影响特殊会话含意理解的神经活动？4）交际变量如何影响特殊会话含意的理解及其神经活动？5）语境、推理难度和交际变量影响特殊会话含意加工的神经活动模式如何受到个体语用能力和交际能力（如共情能力）的调节？

中文关键词： 认知神经科学；语言理解；会话含意；事件相关电位；功能磁共振成像

英文摘要： Speech communication is a key component of human social interaction. Speech comprehension is not limited to the understanding of the literal or surface meaning of what is said; instead in many circumstances it involves reading between the lines and making inference to the conversational implicture and the real intention of the speaker. In this project, we carry out both behavioral testing, ERP (event-related potential) recording and functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the retrieval and understanding of conversational implictures of speech. Specifically, we attempt to ask and answer five questions: 1) To what extent the neurocognitive mechanisms of understanding the generalized implicture of speech are the same as those of understanding the particularized implicture? 2) When there exist multiple implictures, does the generalized implicture have functional/processing priority over the particularized implicture? Can the contextual constraints affect the retrieval of the particularized implicture? 3) Does the level of demand on pragmatic inference affect the neural activity underlying the retrieval of the particularized implicture? 4) How do variables in conversation, including the communicative intention of the speaker, affect the neural activity underlying the retrieval of the particularized implicture? and 5) How the effects of contextual constraints, demand of pragmatic inference and communicative intention on the understanding of the particularized implicture are modulated by individual differences in pragmatic and communicative abilities, including both cognitive and affective empathic abilities

英文关键词： cognitive neuroscience;language comprehension;conversational implicture;ERP;fMRI