噪声环境下的量子保密通信研究

项目名称： 噪声环境下的量子保密通信研究

项目编号： No.61202451

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 计算机科学学科

项目作者： 林崧

作者单位： 福建师范大学

项目金额： 23万元

中文摘要： 量子信道中必然存在的噪声成为量子密码迈向实用必须克服的一个重要难点问题。本项目拟结合量子信息论的思想，分析量子信道噪声特性，对噪声环境下量子保密通信的协议设计与安全性分析进行研究。（1）在集体噪声假设下，寻找关于几种常见噪声的无消相干子空间，进而设计可抵抗不同集体噪声的量子密钥分发协议。（2）利用All-or-Nothing变换、纠错码等技术，通过添加对秘密消息的预处理过程，解决噪声信道下量子安全直接通信问题。（3）基于密码分组链接模式，提出一种改进的可重用基序列量子密钥分发协议，提高其密钥生成率。（4）对现有的量子安全直接通信协议中可能存在的安全漏洞进行分析，提出一些简便有效的攻击方法及相应的解决方案。（5）结合量子态确定性区分技术，深入研究光子数分裂攻击策略，以及如何提高协议在该攻击下的实际效率和安全传输距离。本课题的研究将对量子密码理论的完善起到一定促进作用，有助于其实际应用的推广。

中文关键词： 量子密码；量子密钥分发；量子私密比较；量子签名；量子算法

英文摘要： The noise, which exists in a quantum channel inevitably, becomes a main obstacle to the practical implementation of quantum cryptography. In this project, the properties of quantum noise in a real environment will be analyzed. After that, based on quantum information theory, the scheme design and security analysis of quantum private communication in a noise channel will be studied. (1) Some decoherence-free states against a few common quantum noises will be constructed, and then the corresponding quantum key distributions against collective noise will be put forward. (2) Utilizing the technologies of All-or-Nothing transformation and error-correcting code, we will attempt to solve the problem about secure direct communication in a noise channel by adding a classical preprocessing procedure for secret message. (3) Drawing ideas from cipher block chaining, we want to present a modified quantum key distribution without public announcement of bases. One significant advantage of the modified protocol is that a higher key generation rate is achieved.(4) For some existing quantum secure direct communication protocol, we will try to find some potential loopholes, and propose some effictive attck methods and the corresponding defense strategies. (5) Combined unambiguous state discrimination, photon number splitting attac

英文关键词： quantum cryptography；quantum key distribution；quantum private comparison；quantum signature；quantum algorithm