空气凤梨对天然放射性气体－氡的监测与修复研究

项目名称： 空气凤梨对天然放射性气体－氡的监测与修复研究

项目编号： No.41475132

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 郑桂灵

作者单位： 青岛农业大学

项目金额： 84万元

中文摘要： 做为自然界唯一的天然放射性气体，氡是人类受天然辐射的主要来源。但是，氡气无色无味，日常生活中难以被人们感知。如何灵敏、方便地监测到氡气的存在并采取有效的措施减少氡及其子体的危害成为人们辐射防护的关键。空气凤梨是一类能够生长于空气中的特殊观赏植物，它们依靠叶片直接吸收空气中的污染物，已被证明能够快速灵敏地监测与修复大气重金属和核素污染物。空气凤梨叶表面覆盖着富含蜡质的鳞片，而氡极易溶于脂肪。因此，本项目拟利用几种空气凤梨对放射性气体氡污染进行监测和净化研究，探讨叶表面富含蜡质鳞片的空气凤梨是否能有效吸收极易溶于脂的氡，从而成为有效的去除氡污染的植物；同时探讨空气凤梨在经过氡污染后是否出现较易辨别的形态或生理生化变化，从而成为灵敏的指示氡污染的植物，为氡的净化和环境污染治理提供有效地植物修复途径。

中文关键词： 大气环境；空气污染；生物监测；辐射效应

英文摘要： As the unique natural radioactive gas, Radon (Rn) is the primary source of natural nuclear radiation. It is an invisible, odorless and colorless gas that seeps up through the ground and diffuses into the air. So it's essential to find sensitive ways monitoring and purifying Rn and it's daughters. It is well known that some plant species can accumulate toxic compounds without any deleterious effects, and may therefore be used as quantitative monitoring systems. Epiphytic Tillandsia species, known as air plants, have been used to monitor atmospheric heavy metal and nuclide pollution, because they have no true root systems and obtain pollutants from the ambient air instead of soil. The stem and leaves of Tillandsia are completely covered by powdery epicuticular waxy foliar trichomes, while Rn is easily disolved in fats and lipids. Therefore, we want to monitor and purify Rn with epiphytic Tillandsia species, to discuss whether Tillandsia with waxy floiar trichomes can effectivly adsorb air pollutant Rn. At the same time, we will discuss whether Tillandsia species are sensible monitoring plants through the study of visible morphological or physiological changes of Tillandsia after exposure to Rn contamination.

英文关键词： Atomospheric environment;Air pollution;Biomonitoring;Radiation effect