基于电纺纳米纤维膜的重金属离子高效吸附材料的制备及其性能研究

项目名称： 基于电纺纳米纤维膜的重金属离子高效吸附材料的制备及其性能研究

项目编号： No.21274006

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 李从举

作者单位： 北京服装学院

项目金额： 76万元

中文摘要： 水中Cr(VI)等重金属离子的污染是危害社会环境和人类健康亟待解决的问题。近年来纳米吸附材料，尤其是纳米无机氧化物，在去除Cr(VI)等重金属离子的研究中表现出很好的效果而广受关注。但是纳米粉体的团聚和回收困难限制了其更为广泛的应用。有效解决团聚和回收再利用问题是目前纳米吸附材料研究中的难点。本申请提出以高分子电纺纳米纤维为支撑体，采用原位转化法将对Cr(VI)等重金属离子有优良吸附效果的纳米无机氧化物均匀且稳固地生长在高分子电纺纳米纤维上，制备出宏观可操作且高效吸附重金属离子的纳米纤维复合膜，研究纳米无机氧化物在纤维膜上的生长机制，研究纳米无机氧化物在纤维膜上稳固生长的方法，研究纳米纤维复合膜吸附水中Cr(VI)的机理，研究纳米纤维复合膜中组分、含量、结构及溶液环境等因素对重金属离子吸附性能的影响，研究纳米纤维复合膜回收再利用性等，为开发基于纳米纤维膜的重金属离子吸附材料和器件奠定基础。

中文关键词： 纳米纤维膜；静电纺丝；重金属；吸附；水污染

英文摘要： Heavy metal ions, chromium Cr (VI), are threatening the environment and human health seriously due to its high stability and toxicity, and thus needs to be urgently dissolved. Up to now, adsorption is the main method to remove the Cr (VI) from water due to its high removal efficiency and easy operation. Recently, nano-adsorbents, especially nano oxides powders, have exhibited excellent removal efficiency and potential applications due to their high surface-to-volume area and activity. However, high activity is restricting the extensive applications of nano-adsorbents in two aspects, agglomeration and low reuse efficiency due to the difficult solid-liquid phase separation. Therefore, to avoid the agglomeration and to get a high reuse efficiency is the key and critical points in the research of nano-adsorbents. In the current research, using electrospinning as the dominant technique, self-standing three dimensional (3D) polymer composite nanofibrous membranes containing the nano oxides, which can remove Cr (VI) efficiently, and the nanofibers was fabricated. The composite nanofibrous membranes were used to remove Cr (VI) from water. The nano oxides are distributed on the nanofibers uniformly, effectively avoiding the agglomeration. Furthermore, the membrane can be easily recycled due to the unique mechanical prope

英文关键词： composite nanofiber membranes；electrospinning；heavy metal；adsorption；pollutant water