黑颈鹤群体警戒策略研究

项目名称： 黑颈鹤群体警戒策略研究

项目编号： No.31201725

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 孔德军

作者单位： 昆明学院

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 通过警戒动物可以防范捕食者攻击和监视竞争者的入侵。为了降低被捕食的风险，提高取食效率，动物通常聚集在一起，形成较大的群体以及时发现和抵御捕食者，从而降低个体的警戒时间。然而随着群体的增大，群体内个体间的竞争也随之增加，群内竞争的增加同样也将导致个体警戒比例的下降。这种较大动物群体内个体警戒行为比例下降的现象称为群体效应，群体效应的研究一直是动物警戒理论中的重要研究内容，然而对群体效应发生原因的研究却一直较少。同时，群体警戒理论中的个体警戒同步性问题也是动物警戒理论中的另一需要深入研究的问题，深入了解动物个体间如何彼此相互协调进行警戒，将有助于了解动物如何根据条件的变化而改变其警戒策略。本研究将通过对黑颈鹤群体警戒策略的研究，阐明动物警戒行为理论中的这两个重要问题，对多眼假说、稀释效应和竞争争夺假说进行验证，并对群体警戒理论提出新的认识，促进动物警戒行为研究的发展。

中文关键词： 黑颈鹤；警戒行为；群体效应；警戒同步性；集群行为

英文摘要： Vigilance is used by animals to monitor potential threats related to predators or conspecifics, and it is usually considered as an adaptive advantage of group living conferring protection against predators. It is well known that an individual of prey species is assumed to benefit from an increase in the number of group members by reducing its own investment in vigilance. Although many hypotheses, including many-eye hypothesis, dilution effect and scramble competition hypothesis, tried to explain the group effect, the proximate mechanism generating the decrease in vigilance with increasing group size is still unclear. Moreover, earlier models assumed that either individuals coordinate their scans in non-overlapping bouts of vigilance or animals scan independently of one another. While recently studies indicated that alternative patterns that are based on monitoring the vigilance levels of companions cans also be adaptive. In our study, we will test many-eye hypothesis, detection effect and scramble competition hypothesis of group effect by empirical and experimental studies in Black-necked Cranes Grus nigricollis group in Dashanbao national nature reserve and Xundian nature reserve, Yunnan, China. We will also test three different assumptions of group vigilance, coordination, synchronization and independence of s

英文关键词： Black-necked Cranes；Vigilance behavior；Group effect；vigilance synchronisation；Group behavior