Pt/CNT的修饰原理、方法及其对阴极催化剂稳定性的影响机理

项目名称： Pt/CNT的修饰原理、方法及其对阴极催化剂稳定性的影响机理

项目编号： No.50872027

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 武器工业

项目作者： 尹鸽平

作者单位： 哈尔滨工业大学

项目金额： 35万元

中文摘要： 质子交换膜燃料电池是最有发展前景的清洁能源，提高催化剂的活性和稳定性有利于促进其商业化。我们开发了聚电解质非共价功能化处理CNT的方法，在不破坏CNT结构的条件下顺利在其表面沉积上Pt纳米粒子，提高了催化剂的催化性能。制备了聚电解质PDDA作为稳定剂的Pt/C催化剂，发现聚电解质的存在提高了Pt纳米粒子的分散性和催化活性。采用PDDA作为稳定剂制备了PtAu合金催化剂，该催化剂显示了较高的甲酸氧化催化活性和稳定性，并首次采用自组装的方法制备了PtAu"环绕"结构催化剂，显示了高的甲酸氧化催化活性，提出了一种新的理论-PtAu协同效应。采用原位聚合法制备了PPy-C复合材料，在PPy添加量为15%时，Pt/PPy-C催化剂的甲醇氧化性能最好。开发了PDDA作为还原剂制备"水溶性"石墨烯的方法，提高了石墨烯在水中的分散性，同时PDDA的存在促进了Pt纳米粒子在石墨烯表面的沉积与分散，提高了催化剂对甲酸氧化反应的催化活性。合成了金属氧化物SnO2或IrO2纳米粒子修饰的Pt基催化剂，解析了SnO2和IrO2提高催化剂活性和稳定性的机制。

中文关键词： 燃料电池；非共价功能化；聚电解质；PtAu"环绕"结构；金属氧化物

英文摘要： PEMFCs can be as a promising power source, the commercialization of which can be promoted by enhancing the activity and stability of electrocatalysts. CNT was noncovalently functionalized with polyelectrolyte. Non-covalent functionalization of CNT's not only keeps the structural integrity of the CNT, but also improved the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles on CNT, which lead to the improved catalytic performance. PtAu alloy was synthesized with PDDA as stabilizer, which exhibits highly catalytic activity and durability towards formic acid oxidation. And then a novel Pt-around-Au nanocomposite was synthesized using electrostatic self-assembly method. The catalytic activity of formic acid oxidation on Pt-around-Au nanocomposite was 3 times that on Pt/C. A new theory for formic acid electro-oxidation was proposed: synergy effect between Pt and Au. The PPy-C composites were prepared by methods of in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. The catalyst has the best performance when the amount of PPy in catalyst was 15%(.wt). PDDA was used as a reducing agent to prepare a water-soluble graphene, which is beneficial to the Pt deposition. Pt/graphene exhibited highly catalytic activity and durability towards formic acid oxidation.Metal oxide (SnO2 or IrO2) decorated Pt-based catalyst was synthesized, studying the mechanism of SnO2 or IrO2 on the improved activity and stability of catalysts.

英文关键词： fuel cell; Non-covalent functionalization;Polyelectrolyte;Pt-around-Au;metal oxide