新疆几种特色果树叶绿素荧光对沙尘胁迫的响应

项目名称： 新疆几种特色果树叶绿素荧光对沙尘胁迫的响应

项目编号： No.31460316

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 巴特尔·巴克

作者单位： 新疆农业大学

项目金额： 57万元

中文摘要： 以南疆多沙尘天气特征及其对植物叶绿素荧光特性的影响为出发点，本课题把新疆（杏、核桃、红枣、巴丹木、榅柏、石榴、苹果、沙枣、无花果、梨等）几种特色果树作为研究对象，在分析果树叶片形态和微结构、叶面沙尘化学成分和粒径分布，沙尘对叶片微气象条件影响的基础上，重点分析几种果树抗污能力（分类选出5-6种果树），分析沙尘覆盖厚度与覆盖时间对果树活动期叶片角质层的伤害，光合色素含量、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质含量、Rubisco及Rubisco avtivase活性、叶片组织抗氧化酶活性及叶绿素荧光的影响，进而阐明果树叶绿素荧光对沙尘胁迫的响应。研究结果可为沙尘胁迫下叶片光合代谢相关的生理生态学研究提供理论依据，也可为极端干旱条件下沙尘危害减灾管理提供基础数据。

中文关键词： 新疆特色果树；沙尘颗粒物；叶片形态和微结构；荧光特性；响应机制

英文摘要： Sand-dust weather in South Xinjiang and its influence on plant chlorophyll fluorescence as a starting point, Xinjiang several special fruit trees, i.e. Armeniaca vulgaris Lam., Juglans regia L., Zizyphus jujuba Mill., Amygdalus communis L., Cydonia oblonga Mill, Punica granatum L., Malus pumila Mill., Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Ficus carica L., Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu. et al, as the research object, based on analyze leaf morphology and micro structure, chemical composition and particle size of foliar dust, and its damage on the leaf cuticles and influence on the leaf micro meteorological conditions, this project mainly study the pollution resistance of leaves (select 5-6 fruit trees by leaf type), impact of sand-dust cover thickness and its duration on rubisco and rubisco avtivase, photosynthetic pigment contents, proline, soluble protein content, antioxidant enzyme activity and leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, to study the damage and influence of dust stress on leaves and chlorophyll fluorescence in the growing stage of the fruit trees. Research results from the project will provide theoretical proofs for eco-physiological researches which are related to leaf photosynthetic metabolism under sand-dust stress, and it also offer basic data to sand-dust damage reduction management in extreme dry condition.

英文关键词： Special fruit trees of Xinjiang;Sand particulates;Leaf morphology and micro structure;Chlorophyll fluorescence;Responce