基于电磁涡旋的雷达目标成像方法

项目名称： 基于电磁涡旋的雷达目标成像方法

项目编号： No.61471374

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 无线电电子学、电信技术

项目作者： 杜小勇

作者单位： 中国人民解放军国防科技大学

项目金额： 83万元

中文摘要： 电磁涡旋是一种与轨道角动量相联系的、波前具有螺旋结构的电磁波。它是一种全新的信息载体，可望成为雷达探测领域的新手段。本项目拟从涡旋电磁场特性以及目标与场的相互作用机理入手，探索研究基于电磁涡旋的雷达目标成像理论与方法。结合电磁涡旋的相位分布特点，研究涡旋电磁场的产生和接收方法，利用相控阵列建立涡旋电磁场的收发实验系统。针对典型的雷达目标，探索目标与涡旋电磁场的相互作用机理，建立目标在涡旋场照射下的电磁散射模型，研究目标的去涡旋效应，挖掘目标的雷达特性及其表征方法。通过分析回波信号的相位关系，研究接收阵列的相位补偿方法。在此基础上，利用涡旋场回波观测反演目标电磁散射特性的空间分布，生成相应的图像，形成电磁涡旋雷达目标成像的理论、模型和方法，为雷达目标探测与识别提供新的思路和技术支持。

中文关键词： 微波雷达；成像原理；目标特性；成像算法

英文摘要： Electromagnetic(EM) vortex is one kind of EM wave with a special helical wavefront, and it orignates from to the concept of orbital angular momentum(OAM). As a newly emerging information carrier, it will become a promise manner for radar monitoring. With the characteristics of EM vortex and the interacting mechanism between the radar target and such EM field being expored,this project focuses on the EM vortex based radar target imaging theory and methods. According to the phase distribution of vortical wave, the methods of wave generation and receiving are studied and a corresponding experimental system based on phased array will be established. Aiming at the typical radar targets, the interacting mechenism between the target and the vortical field is explored, with which the scattering model excited by the vortex is constructed and the de-vortex effect of the target is researched. Meanwhile, the efficient method is also under consideration to represent the corresponding radar target characteristics. After the phase of echo signal being analyzed, the phase compensation method is provided to acquire the final measurements. Based on that, the measurements of vortical field echoes are applied to estimate the spatial distribution of scattering characteristics and to provide the corresponding radar image. Finally, the theory, model and method of EM vortex based radar target imaging will be presented in this project, which may provide new idea and technichal support for radar target monitoring and recognition.

英文关键词： Microwave radar;Imaging principle;Target characteristics;Imaging algorithm