积碳形态及其动态过程对使用含碳燃料的固体氧化物燃料电池镍基阳极性能的影响

项目名称： 积碳形态及其动态过程对使用含碳燃料的固体氧化物燃料电池镍基阳极性能的影响

项目编号： No.21276097

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 化学工业

项目作者： 刘江

作者单位： 华南理工大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）使用含碳燃料时，往往由于积碳造成传统的镍基阳极失效。为解决此问题，人们一直将注意力集中在如何避免积碳上，很多研究涉及到避免使用高效的镍基阳极，但一直没有从根本上解决问题。本项目从镍与含碳气体分子作用生长碳纤维的机理出发、结合SOFC镍基阳极的结构特点、根据前期初步研究结果，指出含碳气体与镍作用的动力学过程是决定积碳形态的关键，而其中以碳纤维形态出现的积碳是造成SOFC镍基阳极失效的根本原因。拟通过测定镍基阳极与含碳燃料作用时产生的应力随时间的变化确定碳纤维生长过程中导致阳极失效的具体步骤，并据此提出通过将镍合金化、通过掺杂占据镍-石墨形成的优势面和加强阳极骨架的强度等抑制镍基阳极失效的措施，从而使高效的镍基阳极能在使用含碳燃料的SOFC中发挥作用。本项目为研制含碳燃料的SOFC阳极提出了一个全新的角度和方向，有望从根本上解决含碳燃料的SOFC阳极失效问题。

中文关键词： 固体氧化物燃料电池；镍基阳极；积碳；含碳气体；电化学氧化

英文摘要： Traditional Ni-based anode of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operated with carbon-containing fuel is often deactivated because of carbon deposition. Efforts, including getting rid of nickel in the anode, have been focused on avoiding carbon formation to solve this problem, but they have never got complete success. Based on the mechanisms of carbon fiber growth caused by nickel and carbon containing gas interaction, considering the special structure of a nickel-based anode of SOFC, and according to some corresponding initial experimental results, it is proposed that the dynamic process of the interaction between nickel and carbon-containing gas determines the forms of carbon deposited on the anode, and carbon fiber growth is the cause of anode deactivation. The relation of stress, arisen in the anode through the interaction of Ni with carbon-containing fuel, with the interaction time will be measured to determine the exact step causing the deactivation. Measures, including alloying Ni with other metals, occupying the favorite facet for Ni-graphite formation, and enhancing the mechanical strength of anode skeleton, have been suggested to prevent the anode from deactivation, so that the highly active Ni-based anode can be used in SOFCs operated on carbon-containing fuel. The way proposed here for researching and de

英文关键词： solid oxide fuel cell；nickel-based anode；carbon deposition；carbon-containing gas；electrochemical oxidation