华南典型矿区重金属沿食物链迁移特征与调控机理

项目名称： 华南典型矿区重金属沿食物链迁移特征与调控机理

项目编号： No.40871221

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 轻工业、手工业

项目作者： 庄萍

作者单位： 中国科学院华南植物园

项目金额： 43万元

中文摘要： 本项目证实了华南大宝山金属矿区水稻土和菜园土受到较严重的重金属污染，重金属浓度超过了国家土壤质量二级标准的几倍至十几倍；研究发现了大部分稻米、叶类蔬菜(生菜和菠菜等)、大豆样品中重金属含量超过了国家食品卫生标准，长期食用受重金属污染的稻米和农作物具有潜在的健康风险。项目发现当地养殖的几种鱼类体内肝脏能较强积累重金属，鱼肉中重金属含量有部分超过了国家食品卫生标准；本研究发现重金属镉在土壤-蔬菜-昆虫食物链没有明显的生物放大作用，昆虫排泄系统是较高营养级的主要排毒机制，而在土壤-大米-鸡食物链中的重金属生物积累现象不明显；项目还发现了硅酸钠可以有效地降低农作物吸收重金属，以及发现少花龙葵具有修复重金属镉污染土壤的潜力。本项目的试验结果为华南大宝山矿区周边重金属污染治理以及有效降低当地居民受重金属毒害提供了重要科学依据。本项目培养了1名博士研究生和1名硕士研究生，已发表6篇SCI论文，申请国家发明专利1项，所获得的试验数据还有部分在进一步整理和撰稿中，拟可再投3-4篇SCI论文，完成了项目规定的全部研究内容。

中文关键词： 典型矿区；重金属；食物链；迁移

英文摘要： The contamination of heavy metals in agricultural soil and garden soil around Dabaoshan mine, South China, should be paid more attentaion because of food safety issues and potential health risks for the local residents. In the present project, the heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soil and garden soil around the Dabaoshan mine exceeded the limits of Environmental Quality Standard of Chinese soil. The relatively high accumulation of heavy metals in rice, vegetables and soybean were found, which were exceed the limits of the maximum levles contaminants in foods. We also found that the liver of some fish could accumulate more Pb and Cd than the muscle. But the concentration of Pb and Cd in some fish exceed the maximum permissible concnetration in China. The transfer characteristics of heavy metals along different trophic level of food chain (soil-crop-insect) will be quantified and bioaccumulation was not found in higher trophic level. The present results indicated that sodium metesilicate could decrease heavy metal accumulation in crops. We also found that solanum photeinocarpum is a hyperaccumulator to remediate heavy metal polluted soil. Achievement of this project will helpful in food safety issues and health risks for the local residents in the vicinity of Dabaoshan mine. We have published 6 SCI papers and 1 patent. Additionally, some other research results will be composed and published.

英文关键词： Mine area; Heavy metal; Food chain; Transfer