环境友好型离子液体对农药乳油制剂中有害溶剂的替代研究

项目名称： 环境友好型离子液体对农药乳油制剂中有害溶剂的替代研究

项目编号： No.31201539

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 植物保护学、园艺学与植物营养学

项目作者： 彭庆蓉

作者单位： 中国农业大学

项目金额： 22万元

中文摘要： 农药制剂里的溶剂起着溶解原药、稳定和稀释制剂的作用。因此要根据农药原药的理化性质科学地选择各种溶剂。传统的有机溶剂易燃易爆且污染环境。离子液体是一种新型环境友好的溶剂，它是指在室温或接近室温呈液态的由离子构成的物质。离子液体具有许多水或一般有机溶剂所无法比拟的性质。如不易挥发，不易燃烧；热稳定性好；可循环使用；溶解能力可以通过对正、负离子的合理设计，在较大的范围内调控，因此被认为是"可设计的溶剂"。本项目选择不同类型的离子液体取代农药乳油制剂如杀菌、杀虫和除草制剂中的有毒有害溶剂，所制得的农药制剂环境友好，运输安全。研究离子液体的阳离子种类、取代基链长和对称性对离子液体性能的影响，探讨离子液体的种类和性质对农药溶解的规律。用离子液体代替传统有机溶剂制备环境友好的农药新剂型代表了农药制剂发展的方向，是全球发展的主体。开展离子液体-绿色农药制剂的基础研究，为设计新型绿色农药制剂提供思路和依据

中文关键词： 环境友好；离子液体；农药制剂；乳油；有害溶剂

英文摘要： Solvents used in pesticide formulations act as stabilizers and dilution agents.Therefore, the solvent must be selected according to the physicochemical nature of the particular active ingredient. But traditional organic solvent are flammable, explosive and toxic to the environment.? Ionic liquids (ILs) have been accepted as a new green chemical solvent which are liquid at or close to room temperature.They are a distinct set of salts composed of organic cations and inorganic anions. Moreover,ionic liquids have many unique properties, compared with water or common organic solvents, such as lack of measurable vapor pressure, excellent thermal-stability and recyclable. Most importantly, the physicochemical properties of ILs can be tailored by the choice of cations, anions, so they are used to create 'designer liquids'. In this project, different types of ionic liquids are to replace the toxic and hazardous solvent of EC pesticide formulations, for instance fungicide formulations, insecticidal and herbicidal agents. In this way pesticide formulations are environment-friendly, and it is safe for transportation. Because the type of cation, chain length of substitution and symmetry of cation among the ionic liquids will affect the properties of ionic liquids, the study will be to explore the regulation of dissolving pes

英文关键词： Environment-frieldly；Ionic Liquids；Pesticide Formulation；Emulsifiable Concentrate；Hazardous Solvent