基于酸碱耦合萃取体系的多金属氨性溶液分离及微观机理研究

项目名称： 基于酸碱耦合萃取体系的多金属氨性溶液分离及微观机理研究

项目编号： No.51304244

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 矿业工程

项目作者： 胡久刚

作者单位： 中南大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 多金属复杂溶液的高效分离是湿法冶金过程中广泛面临的难题，协同萃取是解决这一问题最有效的方法之一。本课题拟采用酸性或螯合萃取剂与胺类萃取剂组成的酸碱耦合萃取剂实现氨性溶液中多金属离子的萃取分离，通过研究混合萃取体系的热力学性质和界面性质，采用同步辐射X-射线吸收光谱等多种结构分析方法表征水相和有机相的溶液结构，揭示萃取过程中的组元特征及组元间的相互作用规律，构建萃取体系"宏观性质-微观结构-萃取性能"之间的关系，阐明酸碱耦合萃取剂分离多金属离子的微观机理，为复杂氨性溶液的高效分离提供新的途径，具有重要的理论意义及实际应用价值。

中文关键词： 酸碱耦合萃取体系；金属分离；分子间相互作用；二维相关光谱分析；反协同效应

英文摘要： The efficient separation of metal ions in complex solutions is an usual and urgent issue in hydrometallurgical process. As is well known, synergistic extraction is one of the most effective methods of solving this problem. In this proposal, a series of acid-base coupling extractants, which are composed of a binary mixture of acid extractant or chelating extractant with amine extractant, are developed to extract and separate metal ions from ammoniacal solutions. The thermodynamic and interfacial properties of the mixed extraction systems will be investigated. And the solution structure of both aqeous phase and organic phase will be characterized through a multidisciplinary approach, especially including X-ray absoption spectroscopy. Thus, the component characteristics and interactions among components in the extraction process will be revealed and the relationships among macroscopic properties, microscopic structure and extraction performance of the mixed extraction systems will be builted to elucidate the microscopic mechanism of separation process of metal ions in ammoniacal solutions. These studies are helpful both theoretically and in practice to provide potentially new approachs to separate metal ions in complex ammoniacal solutions.

英文关键词： acid-base coupling extractants；metal separation；molecular interaction；2D correlation analysis；antagonistic effect