项目名称: 基于不确定信息的震后救援物资需求估算方法研究
项目编号: No.41301590
项目类型: 青年科学基金项目
立项/批准年度: 2014
项目学科: 天文学、地球科学
项目作者: 黄河
作者单位: 民政部国家减灾中心
项目金额: 25万元
中文摘要: 近年来地震频繁袭击我国西南等地,造成了重大人员伤亡和经济损失。地震救援过程中各受灾地区救援物资需求难于估计,导致救灾物资的调度没有基本数据依据。本研究针对这一核心瓶颈问题展开研究,提出基于地震救援过程中的不确定信息估计救援物资需求的方法。首先通过分析整理近年来的地震救灾数据,发掘地震救灾物资之间固有的数量依存关系,建立地震救援物资分类数据,为救援物资需求的准确预测奠定基础。在此基础上对地震救援物资需求估计中的三类不确定信息分别展开研究,探索这三类不确定信息的性质,建立各类不确定信息的数学表达,研究基于不确定信息的救灾物资需求估计模型。最后使用近年来典型的汶川、玉树和云南三地的地震救援数据对模型进行真实性检验。本研究在大量地震救援数据的支持下,将不确定信息处理方法应用于地震救援物资需求的估计中,可以有效提升我国在地震救援物资需求估计方面的准确性,为我国防震减灾提供科学的理论方法支撑。
中文关键词: 地震;灾害救援;应急资源;应急预案;需求预测
英文摘要: Earthquake frequently attacked southwest China in recent years, causing heavy casualties and economic losses. It is troublesome to estimate the demand for relief materials, leading to the lack of basic data support for the dispatch of relief supplies. In this study, we propose a method to estimate the demand of relief materials based on uncertain information in the process of earthquake rescue. First, we explore the inherent dependencies of quantities between the relief materials by analyzing the historical earthquake relief data in recent years, and then build a classification for the earthquake relief materials, which lays a solid foundation for the accurate estimation of earthquake relief demand. Second, we study the three basic uncertain information in the earthquake rescue seperately in order to understand the properties of these factors and to use mathematic tools to express their properties, then develop the estimation model for relief materials demand based on these uncertain information. Last, we use the representive rescue data generated in Wenchuan, Yushu and Yunnan earthquakes in recent years to evaluate the availability of the estimation model. With the support of large scale of real earthquake relief data and the application of uncertain information processing method, this study will effectively pr
英文关键词: Earthquake;Disaster Relief;Emergency Resource;Disaster Relief Policy;Demand Prediction