火星含水硫酸铁的实验室模拟与遥感探测

项目名称： 火星含水硫酸铁的实验室模拟与遥感探测

项目编号： No.41473065

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 凌宗成

作者单位： 山东大学

项目金额： 95万元

中文摘要： 火星硫酸盐记录了火星表层和次表层在过去和现在的重要环境条件。火星轨道遥感探测发现了大量的硫酸钙和硫酸镁沉积，而硫酸铁的分布则较少。然而勇气号和机遇号火星车在就位探测时发现了大量的硫酸铁沉积，这表明其在火星表面硫和水循环过程中具有重要作用。本研究将实验室合成九水硫酸铁（紫铁矾和针绿矾）和黄钾铁矾等新型含水硫酸铁晶体；利用X射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱、红外、可见近红外等手段系统开展硫酸铁的物相鉴定，分析晶体的振动和电子跃迁对光谱特征的影响；开展九水硫酸铁的稳定场实验，获得硫酸铁晶体相变路径和相图，为火星含水硫酸铁的遥感研究提供实验室约束；在火星遥感研究方面，开展火星遥感数据（CRISM）与实验室光谱的联合研究，进行火星典型地区含水硫酸铁遥感光谱分析与反演，利用实验室光谱数据指导新型硫酸铁沉积区域的光谱指认，并进行硫酸铁填图与地质解译，为深入理解火星硫酸铁的空间分布与风化机制奠定基础。

中文关键词： 火星；含水硫酸盐；合成；光谱；遥感

英文摘要： Martian sulfates record important past and present environmental conditions of the Mars surface and subsurface. The occurrence of Fe-sulfates on Mars seen by orbital remote sensing is limited in spatial distribution as compared to those of Mg- and Ca-sulfates. Nevertheless, Fe-sulfates are found in surface and subsurface materials at both sites explored by the Spirit and Opportunity Rovers, which emphasizes their importance in Martian surface processes involving cycles of S and H2O.We propose to use a combination of laboratory and remote sensing studies for the purpose of establishing systematic spectroscopic studies of Martian ferric sulfates. On the basis of our previous work, we will continue to synthesis paracoquimbite, coquimbite and jarosite. The structures and the phase identification of synthesized ferric sulfates were firstly confirmed by XRD, then Raman, Mid-IR, and Vis-NIR spectra were obtained from them. The systematic spectroscopic studies will help to determine the relationship between crystal structures, vibrational modes and electron transitions in ferric sulfates. The study of stability fields of paracoquimbite and coquimbite will yield the pathways of phase transitions and phase diagrams, which will provide constraints for the remotely sensed analysis of ferric sulfates. We will also conduct the Mars remote sensing studies on ferric sulfates using data from CRISM aboard MRO. Our goal is to build links between orbital remote sensing and surface exploration through detailed laboratory experiments. The maps of ferric sulfates in typical Martian surface regions would help us to better understanding of the large scale stratigraphic distribution of Martian sulfates. Based on the ground truth results from a set of systematic laboratory experiments on the stability field of typical ferric sulfates, we will try to better understand the distribution and weathering mechanism of ferric sulfate on Mars.

英文关键词： Mars;hydrated sulfates;Synthesis;Spectroscopy;Remote sensing