应用地面和卫星观测资料反演中国地区氨气排放源

项目名称： 应用地面和卫星观测资料反演中国地区氨气排放源

项目编号： No.41205103

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 大气科学学科

项目作者： 张霖

作者单位： 北京大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 近年来我国快速增长的氨气排放对地面气溶胶微粒物污染和大气氮沉降等环境问题有着显著影响。准确认识氨气排放及其时空分布对评估其环境危害和控制排放有着重要的意义。当前我国氨气排放估计都是基于自下而上的方法统计其排放清单从而存在很大的误差和不确定性。本项目将应用地面和卫星观测资料结合化学传输模式通过自上而下的方法反演中国地区氨气排放。本项目拟应用卡尔曼滤波方法结合地面铵盐湿沉降数据反演氨气排放总量，拟应用伴随模式结合卫星观测的氨气浓度数据反演氨气排放的时空变化。反演结果将与地面观测的氨气和铵盐浓度数据相比较以验证反演的准确度并指出现有排放估计的不足。同时本项目将应用地面观测的氨气浓度数据评估卫星资料的潜在系统偏差。本项目将有效地提高我国氨气排放估计的准确度进而认识氨气排放导致的环境影响。

中文关键词： 氨气；污染源反演；氮沉降；卫星观测；伴随模式

英文摘要： Rapid growth of ammonia (NH3) anthropogenic emissions in China has led to significant increases in surface aerosol pollution and atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Understanding the ammonia emission in China, including spatial and seasonal patterns, is important to assess its environmental impacts and regulation strategies. Current estimates of Chinese ammonia emission are all based on bottom-up approaches that appear to have large uncertainties and errors. This project proposes to use top-down approaches with observations from surface networks and satellite, combined with a chemical transport model to better quantify the ammonia emission in China. The work will apply Kalman filter with surface observations of ammonium wet deposition fluxes to constrain the total ammonia emission. It will apply the adjoint model with satellite observations of ammonia concentrations to inverse estimate its emissions with detailed information on the spatial distribution. The inversion results will be evaluated independently with surface measurements of ammonia and ammonium concentrations. The project will also examine the potential biases in satellite observations of ammonia concentrations. The project is expected to significantly improve our understanding of ammonia emission in China and its environmental impacts.

英文关键词： Ammonia；inverse modeling；nitrogen deposition；satellite observation；adjoint model